Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY & CELL BIOLOGY
Volume 152, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106300
Keywords
Micronuclei; Chromosomal instability; Cancer; Nuclear envelope; CGAS; STING
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Within tumour types, cancerous cells often have an incorrect chromosome number or structure, leading to chromosomal instability and micronucleus formation. These micronuclei can undergo structural changes and membrane rupturing, contributing to metastasis, immune cell activation, and overall tumour progression.
Within most tumour types, cancerous cells exist in a state of aneuploidy, an incorrect chromosome number or structure. Additionally, tumour cells frequently exhibit chromosomal instability; the ongoing loss or gain of whole or parts of chromosomes during cell division. Chromosomal instability results in a high rate of chromosome segregation defects, and a constantly changing genomic landscape. A second consequence of recurrent chromosome segregation defects is the exclusion of mis-segregated chromatin from the newly reforming nucleus. Chromosomes, or chromosome fragments that are not incorporated into the main nucleus are often packaged into extranuclear structures called micronuclei. While the initial impact of micronucleus formation is an imbalance or loss of genetic material in the resulting daughter cells, several other downstream consequences are now known to result from this process. In this review, we discuss the further consequences of micronucleus formation, including how structural changes to the micronuclear envelope, and the rupturing of micronuclear membranes can contribute to metastasis, immune cell activation and overall, tumour progression.
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