Journal
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 198, Issue 3, Pages 1229-1241Publisher
AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS
DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600742
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Funding
- Open Operating Grant Program of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research [MOP-133696]
- Canadian HIV Cure Enterprise Team Grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research [HIG-133050]
- Canadian Foundation for AIDS Research
- International AIDS Society
- Tier 1 Canadian Institutes of Health Research-Canada Research Chair in Human Immunoretrovirology
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A shock-and-kill approach involving the simultaneous treatment of HIV-1-infected patients with latency-reversing agents (LRAs) and combination antiretroviral therapy was proposed as a means to eradicate viral reservoirs. Currently available LRAs cannot discriminate between HIV-1-infected and uninfected cells. Therefore, the risks and benefits of using broad-spectrum LRAs need to be carefully evaluated, particularly in the CNS, where inflammation and leukocyte transmigration must be tightly regulated. We used a real-time impedance-sensing system to dynamically record the impact of different classes of LRAs on the integrity of tight monolayers of the immortalized human cerebral microvascular endothelial cell line hCMEC/D3. Results show that prostratin and bryostatin-1 can significantly damage the integrity of an endothelial monolayer. Moreover, prostratin and bryostatin-1 induce secretion of some proinflammatory cytokines and an increase of ICAM-1 expression. Additional studies demonstrated that prostratin and bryostatin-1 also affect adhesion and transmigration of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells as well as monocytes in an in vitro human blood brain barrier (BBB) model. Prostratin and bryostatin-1 could thus be considered as potent regulators of BBB permeability and inflammation that influence leukocyte transport across the BBB. Altogether, these findings contribute to a better understanding of the potential risks and benefits of using a shock-and-kill approach with LRAs on the normal physiological functions of the BBB.
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