Dynamics of ternary-hybrid nanofluids due to dual stretching on wedge surfaces when volume of nanoparticles is small and large: forced convection of water at different temperatures

Management of heat energy and control of temperature distribution are major problems in the industry. With emphasis on the heat and mass transfer when the volume of nanoparticles is small and large, nothing is known on forced convection flow of water at different temperatures conveying platelet aluminum nanoparticles, cylindrical magnesium oxide nanoparticles, and titanium dioxide nanoparticles due to dual stretching on wedge surfaces. The mathematical model for the problem mentioned above is presented in this report, transformed using similarity variables, and solved numerically using the approach of shooting technique together with fourth order Runge-Kutta integration scheme. The analysis of results, justification, and discussion of results was established after the positive outcome of the reliability and validity. It is worth concluding that as time goes on in all the four cases of water at different temperature as in the case of four ternary-hybrid nanofluid flows, the local skin friction coefficients increases at the rate of 0.07 when the volume of nanoparticles is small and at a most minimum rate of 0.008 when the volume of nanoparticles is large. At 80 degrees C temperature of water-based ternary hybrid nanofluid, as time grows large, the heat transfer decreases at the optimal rate of -0.354681119 when the volume of nanoparticles is small but the same heat transfer increases at the minima rate of 0.159722534 when the volume of nanoparticles is large.

Automated summary

This report investigates the flow of nanoparticles suspended in water at different temperatures. The study finds that as the volume of nanoparticles decreases, the rate of increase in local skin friction coefficients increases. Additionally, at a temperature of 80 degrees C, the heat transfer rate decreases as the volume of nanoparticles decreases, but increases as the volume of nanoparticles increases.