High-throughput T cell receptor engineering by functional screening identifies candidates with enhanced potency and specificity

A major challenge in adoptive T cell immunotherapy is the discovery of natural T cell receptors (TCRs) with high activity and specificity to tumor antigens. Engineering synthetic TCRs for increased tumor antigen recognition is complicated by the risk of introducing cross-reactivity and by the poor correlation that can exist between binding affinity and activity of TCRs in response to antigen (peptide-MHC). Here, we developed TCR-Engine, a method combining genome editing, computational design, and deep sequencing to engineer the functional activity and specificity of TCRs on the surface of a human T cell line at high throughput. We applied TCR-Engine to successfully engineer synthetic TCRs for increased potency and specificity to a clinically relevant tumor-associated antigen (MAGE-A3) and validated their translational potential through multiple in vitro and in vivo assessments of safety and efficacy. Thus, TCR-Engine represents a valuable tech-nology for engineering of safe and potent synthetic TCRs for immunotherapy applications.

Automated summary

A major challenge in TCR immunotherapy is finding natural TCRs with high activity and specificity to tumor antigens. In this study, we developed a method called TCR-Engine to successfully engineer synthetic TCRs with increased potency and specificity to a clinically relevant tumor antigen. We validated their potential for translation through in vitro and in vivo assessments of safety and efficacy.