Impairment of Mature B Cell Maintenance upon Combined Deletion of the Alternative NF-κB Transcription Factors RELB and NF-κB2 in B Cells

BAFF is critical for the survival and maturation of mature B cells. BAFF, via BAFFR, activates multiple signaling pathways in B cells, including the alternative NF-kappa B pathway. The transcription factors RELB and NF-kappa B2 (p100/p52) are the downstream mediators of the alternative pathway; however, the B cell-intrinsic functions of these NF-kappa B subunits have not been studied in vivo using conditional alleles, either individually or in combination. We in this study report that B cell-specific deletion of relb led to only a slight decrease in the fraction of mature splenic B cells, whereas deletion of nf kappa b2 caused a marked reduction. This phenotype was further exacerbated upon combined deletion of relb and nfkb2 and most dramatically affected the maintenance of marginal zone B cells. BAFF stimulation, in contrast to CD40 activation, was unable to rescue relb/nf kappa b2-deleted B cells in vitro. RNA-sequencing analysis of BAFF-stimulated nf kappa b2-deleted versus normal B cells suggests that the alternative NF-kappa B pathway, in addition to its critical role in BAFF-mediated cell survival, may control the expression of genes involved in the positioning of B cells within the lymphoid microenvironment and in the establishment of T cell-B cell interactions. Thus, by ablating the downstream transcription factors of the alternative NF-kappa B pathway specifically in B cells, we identify in this study a critical role for the combined activity of the RELB and NF-kappa B2 subunits in B cell homeostasis that cannot be compensated for by the canonical NF-kappa B pathway under physiological conditions.