Journal
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 197, Issue 10, Pages 3755-3761Publisher
AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS
DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600818
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Funding
- Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia [SAF15/63674-R, PIE14/00045]
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- Grifols
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The acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) syndrome is characterized by acute decompensation of cirrhosis, organ failure, and high 28-d mortality. ACLF displays key features of systemic inflammation and its poor outcome is closely associated with exacerbated systemic inflammatory responses. In this review, we describe the prevailing characteristics of systemic inflammation in patients with decompensated cirrhosis and ACLF, with special emphasis on the principal features of the cytokine storm the mechanisms underlying this intense systemic inflammatory response (i.e., presence of circulating pathogen-and damage-associated molecular patterns), and their implication in tissue and organ damage in this condition.
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