4.8 Article

Digital Control of Multiphase Series Capacitor Buck Converter Prototype for the Powering of HL-LHC Inner Triplet Magnets

Journal

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
Volume 69, Issue 10, Pages 10014-10024

Publisher

IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TIE.2021.3120489

Keywords

Superconducting magnets; Capacitors; Buck converters; Voltage control; Power supplies; Large Hadron Collider; Voltage; Control of multiphase dc; dc converters; Large Hadron Collider; series capacitor buck converter

Funding

  1. HL-LHC project by the CERN
  2. APERT (UPV/EHU) Collaboration in the Study of Power Converter Topologies for Inner Triplet magnets with Energy Recovery in the framework of the High Luminosity upgrade for the LHC at CERN
  3. Government of the Basque Country within the fund for research groups of the Basque University [IT978-16]
  4. Government of Spain through the Agencia Estatal de Investigacion [DPI2017-85404-P]
  5. Generalitat de Catalunya [2017 SGR 872]

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This article introduces a major upgrade in the Large Hardon Collider (LHC) at CERN. By using new superconducting inner triplet (IT) magnets and a multistage power supply, the focusing effect of particle beams is greatly improved, and the proposal has been experimentally validated.
A major upgrade will be conducted in the Large Hardon Collider (LHC) at CERN. This high-luminosity (HL) version of the LHC will increase the nominal luminosity by a factor of five. One of the key technologies of the HL-LHC is the new superconducting inner triplet (IT) magnets, responsible of producing high magnetic fields to focus particle beams. To power the IT magnets from the grid, a multistage power supply with an intermediate 24-V battery pack is being considered. In such topology, a low-voltage high-current dc/dc converter operating with a very high step-down ratio is required for the final conversion stage. In this work, an interleaved multiphase series capacitor buck converter is proposed to feed the IT magnets from the battery pack. A novel voltage regulation approach that ensures the current balance between the paralleled series capacitor cells is also proposed, where one cell is responsible for the output voltage regulation, while the remaining cells are current-regulated. A balanced current sharing between the series capacitor cells is achieved, when the current-controlled cells are referenced by the actual current of the first one. The proposal is theoretically analyzed and experimentally validated in a six-cell 1000-A prototype unit.

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