Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
Volume 69, Issue 9, Pages 9613-9623Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TIE.2021.3114706
Keywords
Switches; Mathematical models; Integrated circuit modeling; Computational modeling; Switching circuits; Field programmable gate arrays; Real-time systems; Field-programmable gate array (FPGA); hardware-in-the-loop (HIL); high-switching-frequency (HSF) converters; real-time simulation (RTS)
Categories
Funding
- NSERC
- Hydro-Quebec
- RTE
- EDF
- OPAL-RT as part of the Industrial Chair Multi time-frame simulation of transients for large scale power systems
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This article presents general modeling approaches for achieving accurate real-time simulation of high switching frequency converters. The proposed methods are based on the direct mapped method and utilize decoupling techniques. The effectiveness of the methods is demonstrated through a test case and FPGA implementations.
This article presents general modeling approaches to achieve an accurate real-time simulation (RTS) of high switching frequency converters.The proposed methods are based on the direct mapped method (DMM) and make use of decoupling techniques when appropriate. The DMM links state variables to diode statuses and provides an exact and noniterative solution to network equations. An electric vehicle battery charger test case comprised of a full-bridge rectifier, an interleaved boost, and a three-phase LLC is used to demonstrate the high accuracy achieved by the proposed methods compared to a conventional approach. Field-programmable gate array (FPGA) implementations are proposed and shown to achieve from 75- to 175-ns RTS time steps for this test case circuit, allowing its accurate simulation while switched at 200 kHz. To further validate the effectiveness of the FPGA-based simulator, a resonant boost converter is also implemented and simulated in real time.
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