Journal
IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS
Volume 28, Issue 6, Pages -Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2022.3189965
Keywords
Phase shifters; Crosstalk; Heating systems; Optical variables control; Phased arrays; Substrates; Heat sinks; Optical phase shifters; thermo-optic effects; time division multiplexing; crosstalk; large-scale circuits; integrated optoelectronics; silicon
Categories
Funding
- Caltech Rothenberg Innovation Initiative (RI2) program
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In this study, a thermo-optic phase shifter (TOPS) array architecture with independent phase control was introduced for large-scale and high-density photonic integrated circuits. Both pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) and pulse width modulation (PWM) control schemes were used. The study successfully realized compact spiral TOPS and a 288-element high-density row-column TOPS array using this architecture. Thermal crosstalk effects were analyzed, and a thermal crosstalk correction algorithm was implemented.
We introduce a thermo-optic phase shifter (TOPS) array architecture with independent phase control of each phase shifter for large-scale and high-density photonic integrated circuits with two different control schemes: pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) and pulse width modulation (PWM). We realize a compact spiral TOPS and a 288-element high-density row-column TOPS array with this architecture and drive TOPS with waveforms of both control schemes and of different array sizes. We present a thermal excitation model and a finite difference method-based simulation to simulate large-scale TOPS arrays and compare both schemes experimentally and theoretically. We also analyze the effects of thermal crosstalk in the realized TOPS array and implement a thermal crosstalk correction algorithm with the developed model. The high-density TOPS array architecture and the thermal crosstalk correction algorithm pave the way for high-density TOPS arrays with independent phase control in large-scale photonic integrated circuits interfaced with electronics limited in voltage swing and bandwidth.
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