Journal
CANCER TREATMENT REVIEWS
Volume 41, Issue 6, Pages 540-546Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2015.04.008
Keywords
Cancer; Silibinin; Silybin; Silymarin; STAT3; Siliphos; Legasil (R)
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Funding
- Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (Sociedad Espanola de Oncologia Medica, Madrid, Spain)
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion [SAF2012-38914]
- Plan Nacional de I+D+I, Spain
- Agenda de Gestio d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (AGAUR), Departament d'Economia I Coneixement, Catalonia, Spain [2014 5GR229]
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Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is constitutively activated in many different types of cancer and plays a pivotal role in tumor growth and metastasis. Retrospective studies have established that STAT3 expression or phospho-STAT3 (pSTAT3 or activated STAT3) are poor prognostic markers for breast, colon, prostate and non-small cell lung cancer. Silibinin or silybin is a natural polyphenolic flavonoid which is present in seed extracts of milk thistle (Silybum marianum). Silibinin has been shown to inhibit multiple cancer cell signaling pathways in preclinical models, demonstrating promising anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo. This review summarizes evidence suggesting that silibinin can inhibit pSTAT3 in preclinical cancer models. We also discuss current strategies to overcome the limitations of oral administration of silibinin to cancer patients to translate the bench results to the bed side. Finally, we review the ongoing clinical trials exploring the role of silibinin in cancer. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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