Journal
FOOD CHEMISTRY
Volume 394, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133538
Keywords
Atlantic salmon; Chemical fingerprints; Geographic origin; High-resolution mass spectrometry; Untargeted analysis
Funding
- Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology [MOST 108-2314-B-002-102]
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Mislabelling the geographic origin of same-species aquaculture products can be difficult, but this study successfully used untargeted small-molecule fingerprinting to distinguish between Atlantic salmon from Chile and Norway. The technique identified candidate markers associated with feed formulations, but no markers of potential food safety concern were found.
Mislabelling the geographic origin of same-species aquaculture products is difficult to identify. This study applied untargeted small-molecule fingerprinting to discriminating between Atlantic salmon originating from Chile and Norway. The acquired liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry data from Chilean (n = 32) and Norwegian (n = 29) salmon were chemometrically processed. The partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models successfully discriminated between Chilean and Norwegian salmon at both positive and negative ionisation modes (R2 > 0.96, Q2 > 0.81). Univariate analyses facilitated the selection of approximately 100 candidate markers with high statistical confidence (> 95%). Of these, 37 confirmed markers of Chilean and Norwegian salmon were primarily associated with feed formulations, including lipid derivatives and feed additives. None of the markers were residues or contaminants of potential food safety concern.
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