Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
Volume 308, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119710
Keywords
Atrazine; Freshwatermussel; Aquatictoxicity; Herbicide; Biotransformation; DNAdamage
Categories
Funding
- Research Fund for DPST Graduate with First Placement (Development and Promotion of Science and Technol-ogy Talents Project, The Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology)
- Human Resource Development in Science Project (Science Achievement Scholarship of Thailand)
- International SciKU Branding (ISB)
- Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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This study evaluated the biochemical and cellular responses of the freshwater mussel, Hyriopsis bialata, to the herbicide atrazine. The results showed that the mussels were resistant to atrazine and did not show significant changes in detoxification enzymes. However, DNA damage was observed in all tissues of the treated mussels. This suggests that H. bialata could be a potential candidate for monitoring aquatic toxicity using DNA damage as a biomarker.
The present study aimed to evaluate biochemical and cellular responses of the freshwater mussel, Hyriopsis bialata, to the herbicide atrazine (ATZ). The mussels were exposed to environmentally-relevant concentrations of ATZ (0, 0.02 and 0.2 mg/L) and a high concentration (2 mg/L) for 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Tissues comprising male and female gonads, digestive glands and gills were collected and assessed for ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity, multixenobiotic resistance mechanism (MXR), histopathological responses, DNA fragmentation and bioaccumulation of ATZ and its transformation derivatives, desethylatrazine (DEA) and desisopropylatrazine (DIA). Additionally, circulating estradiol levels were determined. It appeared that ATZ did not cause significant changes in activities of EROD, GST and MXR. There were no apparent ATZ-mediated histopathological effects in the tissues, with the exception of the male gonads exhibiting aberrant aggregation of germ cells in the ATZ-treated mussels. Contrarily, ATZ caused significant DNA fragmentation in all tissues of the treated animals in dose- and time-dependent manners. In general, the circulating estradiol levels were higher in the females than in the males. However, ATZ-treated animals did not show significant alterations in the hormonal levels, as compared with those of the untreated animals. Herein, we showed for the first time differentially spatiotemporal distribution patterns of bioaccumulation of ATZ, DEA and DIA, with ATZ and DEA detectable in the gonads of both sexes, DEA and DIA in the digestive glands and only DEA in the gills. The differential distribution patterns of bioaccumulation of ATZ and its derivatives among the tissues point to different pathways and tissue capacity in transforming ATZ into its transformation products. Taken together, the freshwater mussel H. bialata was resistant to ATZ likely due to their effective detoxification. However, using DNA damage as a potential biomarker, H. bialata is a promising candidate for biomonitoring aquatic toxicity.
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