Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
Volume 308, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119621
Keywords
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Non-ionic surfactant; Sediment washing; Biochar; Bioreactor; Cost evaluation
Categories
Funding
- Italian Ministry of University and Research (MUR)
- Erasmus Mundus Joint Doctorate Program ETeCoS3 (Environmental Technologies for Contaminated Solids, Soils, and Sediments) [2010-0009]
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This study proposes a method for removing phenanthrene from marine sediments using Tween80 as an extracting agent and treating the resulting spent solution in a biochar immobilized-cell bioreactor. The SW process effectively removes phenanthrene, and the subsequent biochemical treatment achieves a high degradation rate.
The recurrent dredging of marine sediments needs the use of ex-situ technologies such as sediment washing (SW) to effectively remove polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Notwithstanding, the large volumes of generated spent SW effluents require adequate treatment by employing highly-efficient, inexpensive and environmentally-friendly solutions. This study proposes the phenanthrene (PHE) desorption from sediments using Tween (R) 80 (TW80) as extracting agent and the treatment of the resulting spent SW solution in a biochar (BC) immobilized-cell bioreactor. The SW process reached the highest PHE removal of about 91% using a surfactant solution containing 10,800 mg L-1 of TW80. The generated amount of spent PHE-polluted SW solution can be controlled by keeping a solid to liquid ratio of 1:4. A PHE degradation of up to 96% was subsequently achieved after 43 days of continuous reactor operation, aerobically treating the TW80 solution in the BC immobilized-cell bioreactor with a hydraulic retention time of 3.5 days. Brevundimonas, Chryseobacterium, Dysgonomonas, Nubsella, and both uncultured Weeksellaceae and Xanthobacteraceae genera were mainly involved in PHE biodegradation. A rough economic study showed a total cost of 342.60 euro ton(-1) of sediment, including the SW operations, TW80 and BC supply and the biological treatment of the SW solution.
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