Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
Volume 310, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119887
Keywords
Intermediate volatility organic compounds; Emission inventory; Grid allocation; On-road vehicles; China
Categories
Funding
- Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province [2020B1111360003]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [91644221, 92044302]
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This study developed the first nationwide on-road vehicular IVOC emission inventory in China based on localized measurement of the IVOC emission factors and volatility distributions for various vehicle types. The total vehicular IVOC emissions in China in 2019 were estimated to be 241.2 Gg. High-emission areas and hotspots were clearly identified by gridding the emission inventory into a relatively high resolution. Eastern China had substantially higher vehicular IVOC emissions than western China.
Intermediate volatility organic compounds (IVOCs) have great potential to form secondary organic aerosols (SOA) in the atmosphere. Thus, a high-resolution IVOC emission inventory is essential for the accurate simulation of SOA formation. This study developed the first nationwide on-road vehicular IVOC emission inventory in China based on localized measurement of the IVOC emission factors and volatility distributions for various vehicle types. The total vehicular IVOC emissions in China in 2019 were estimated to be 241.2 Gg. Heavy-duty trucks, light-duty trucks, and light-duty passenger vehicles contributed the most, accounting for 47.6%, 24.6%, and 16.9% of total vehicular IVOC emissions, respectively. Although much higher in number, gasoline vehicles contributed 15.0%, which was far less than the contribution of diesel vehicles. The two peaks in volatility bins B-12-B-13 and B-16-B-17 accounted for 42.2% and 23.7% of the total IVOC emissions, respectively. By gridding the emission inventory into a relatively high resolution of 0.1 degrees x 0.1 degrees, high-emission areas and hotspots were clearly identified. In general, eastern China had substantially higher vehicular IVOC emissions than western China. High-emission areas with emission intensity >10 Mg.grid(-1) covered most of the North China Plain, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta. The emission intensity over the downtown areas of Beijing and Shanghai exceeded 50 Mg.grid(-1). In contrast, IVOC emissions over western China were relatively lower, with a network structure gathering around the traffic arteries serving inter-provincial transportation. This study underscored the importance of having a localized emission factor to better reflect the IVOC emission characteristics from Chinese vehicles and to improve the assessment of their environmental impacts.
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