Journal
ENERGY
Volume 254, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2022.124472
Keywords
Biomass; Oxidative torrefaction; Severity indexes; Potassium catalysis; Value-added chemicals
Categories
Funding
- CNPq (National Council for Technological and Scientific Development, Brazil) [248443/2013-5]
- CIRAD (Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement, France)
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This study investigates the synergistic behavior between oxidative atmosphere and potassium catalytic effects on woody and non-woody biomass. The results show that the potassium content indicates biomass oxidation, and the oxidative conditions enhance the catalytic effect. Additionally, the potassium content has a significant impact on the yield of condensable compounds, especially under oxidative conditions.
This study investigates the synergistic behavior between oxidative atmosphere and potassium catalytic effects on woody (Amapai) and non-woody (Miscanthus) biomass. Inert and oxygen-lean torrefaction was conducted at 275 & DEG;C for demineralized and K-loaded samples in fixed-bed and thermo-gravimetric equipment. Torrefaction improvement was assessed by torrefaction severity index (TSI), Catalytic Enhancement Area (CEA), Catalytic index (CI), and conversion rate (CR). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyzed the impact on condensable compounds. The K% anticipated the biomass oxidation and the oxidative medium improved the catalytic effect. CEA and CI provided a reliable performance index (R-2 > 0.90) to assess the synergistic effect. Condensable compound yields variation with increasing K% was similar for both atmospheres but the K-impact on the compounds production was intensified under oxidative conditions. The furfuryl alcohol yield increased by a factor of 30 for Amapai comparing higher K% and demineralized samples, whereas a factor of 3 was observed for inert conditions. For Miscanthus, the factors of increasing production were 22 and 5 for oxidative and inert atmosphere. Under oxygen-lean, syringaldehyde and vanillin yields decreased with higher K%, whereas inert treatment revealed insignificant effects. The results indicate that torrefaction duration and targeted condensates production could be improved according to the K% and atmosphere.(C) 2022 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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