Journal
ENERGY
Volume 258, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2022.124807
Keywords
Electric bus; HAVC system; Operation planning; Chance constrained programming; Thermal comfort
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Founda- tion of China [71771062, 71971097]
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2019M661214, 2020T130240]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
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This study aims to develop a daily HVAC operation planning model for an electric bus to maximize passenger thermal comfort. By developing estimation and planning models and validating them through a field case study, the results show that passenger thermal comfort can be improved in different seasons.
Turning on the heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) system is one effective measure to improve the thermal comfort of passengers in an electric bus (EB). However, it will also increase the consumption of the battery power. For an EB with limited battery capacity and that can only be charged at night, it is impossible to keep the HVAC on for all-day trips. This study aims to develop a daily HVAC operation planning model for an EB to maximize the thermal comfort of the passengers under the constraint of battery capacity. Firstly, we developed a cabin temperature estimation model to quantify the thermal comfort of the passengers. Secondly, considering the stochastic volatility of trip energy consumption, the chance-constrained programming based HVAC planning model is established, to determine the optimal HVAC gear of each trip. Finally, a real EB is taken as an example and field operational data collected in three different seasons are used in the case study. Results show that passenger's thermal comfort can be improved in different seasons after applying the proposed optimization method while avoiding the service interruption due to running down of battery power.
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