Identification of etazene (etodesnitazene) metabolites in human urine by LC-HRMS

Article Chemistry, Analytical

Tentative Identification of Etazene (Etodesnitazene) Metabolites in Rat Serum and Urine by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Accurate Mass Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Andrej Grigoryev et al.

Summary: 2-Benzylbenzimidazole derivatives are a group of synthetic opioids with complex metabolism, and the detection of their metabolites in biofluids is important for forensic toxicology analysis.

JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY (2023)

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Article Chemistry, Analytical

A Forward-Thinking Approach to Addressing the New Synthetic Opioid 2-Benzylbenzimidazole Nitazene Analogs by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (LC-QQQ-MS)

Sara E. Walton et al.

Summary: Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) remain a threat to public health and safety, with the emergence of 2-benzylbenzimidazole analogs dominating the new synthetic opioid subclass. A liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry method was developed for the quantification of these drugs in human samples. The presence of isotonitazene and its metabolites were confirmed in various matrices, along with other nitazene analogs.

JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

BioTransformer 3.0-a web server for accurately predicting metabolic transformation products

David S. Wishart et al.

Summary: BioTransformer 3.0 is a free web server that accurately and rapidly predicts small-molecule metabolism in human tissues, the human gut, and the external environment. It combines machine learning and rule-based approaches to provide comprehensive in silico metabolism prediction. This tool is highly valuable for researchers in understanding metabolic transformations.

NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Synthesis, Chemical Characterization, and μ-Opioid Receptor Activity Assessment of the Emerging Group of Nitazene 2-Benzylbenzimidazole Synthetic Opioids

Marthe M. Vandeputte et al.

Summary: Several 2-benzylbenzimidazole opioids, known as nitazenes, have emerged on the illicit market, with isotonitazene being the most frequently encountered member. These compounds, structurally unrelated to fentanyl, have high potency and efficacy, with some analogues even surpassing fentanyl. The unexpected very high potency of the N-desethylisotonitazene metabolite, exceeding that of isotonitazene itself, suggests potential significant in vivo consequences.

ACS CHEMICAL NEUROSCIENCE (2021)

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Article Biochemical Research Methods

Metonitazene in the United States-Forensic toxicology assessment of a potent new synthetic opioid using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry

Alex J. Krotulski et al.

Summary: Metonitazene is a new synthetic opioid that emerged in recreational drug supply in 2020 and has been confirmed in several postmortem cases. It is often found in combination with other drugs, with fentanyl being the most common. Medical examiners include metonitazene as a contributing factor to deaths, with the manner of death usually ruled as accidental. Toxicology laboratories and investigators are urged to include metonitazene in testing protocols and remain vigilant for new synthetic opioids.

DRUG TESTING AND ANALYSIS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Analytical