4.4 Article

Associations between drug and alcohol use, smoking, and frailty among people with HIV across the United States in the current era of antiretroviral treatment

Journal

DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE
Volume 240, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109649

Keywords

Substance use; Frailty; Alcohol use; Methamphetamine use; HIV; Cigarette smoking

Funding

  1. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) [CNICS R24 AI067039]
  2. UW CFAR NIAID [P30 AI027757]
  3. UNC CFAR [P30 AI050410]
  4. UAB CFAR grant [P30 AI027767]
  5. National Institute of Aging [NIA R24 AG044325]
  6. National Institute of Alcohol and Alcoholism [U01AA020793, P01 AA029544]
  7. National Institute of Drug Abuse [R01DA047045]
  8. National Cancer Institute [K07 CA190529, UG1 CA189961]
  9. University of Rochester DCFAR

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This study found a high prevalence of prefrailty and frailty among a nationally distributed cohort of PWH in care. The study also identified distinct risk factors associated with frailty among PWH, including being female, older age, and current use of drugs or cigarettes.
Objective: To examine associations between frailty and drug, alcohol, and tobacco use among a large diverse cohort of people with HIV (PWH) in clinical care in the current era.Methods: PWH at 7 sites across the United States completed clinical assessments of patient-reported measures and outcomes between 2016 and 2019 as part of routine care including drug and alcohol use, smoking, and other domains. Frailty was assessed using 4 of the 5 components of the Fried frailty phenotype and PWH were cate-gorized as not frail, pre-frail, or frail. Associations of substance use with frailty were assessed with multivariate Poisson regression.Results: Among 9336 PWH, 43% were not frail, 44% were prefrail, and 13% were frail. Frailty was more prev-alent among women, older PWH, and those reporting current use of drugs or cigarettes. Current methamphet-amine use (1.26: 95% CI 1.07-1.48), current (1.65: 95% CI 1.39-1.97) and former (1.21:95% CI 1.06-1.36) illicit opioid use, and former cocaine/crack use (1.17: 95% CI 1.01-1.35) were associated with greater risk of being frail in adjusted analyses. Current smoking was associated with a 61% higher risk of being frail vs. not frail (1.61: 95% CI 1.41-1.85) in adjusted analyses.Conclusions: We found a high prevalence of prefrailty and frailty among a nationally distributed cohort of PWH in care. This study identified distinct risk factors that may be associated with frailty among PWH, many of which, such as cigarette smoking and drug use, are potentially modifiable.

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