More than sleepiness: prevalence and relevance of nonclassical symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea

Purpose of review The purpose of this review is to describe the nonclassical symptoms and manifestations occurring in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), both from a standpoint of prevalence and in terms of clinical relevance. Particular emphasis will be given to nightmares, comorbid insomnia, restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder, bruxism, morning headache, nocturia, acid reflux, chronic cough and dysphagia. Recent findings A review of the recent literature suggests that nonclassical symptoms have a high prevalence, are underestimated, and can interact with quality of life. Although these disturbances may occur together by mere coincidence, they may interact reciprocally. However, the degree of symptoms is not always correlated with OSA severity. Summary OSA is a heterogeneous disease with variable clinical manifestations. This review highlights the need for detailed evaluation of patients with OSA to diagnose other important sleep disorders and clinical manifestations, given their frequent association.

Automated summary

This review aims to describe the prevalence and clinical relevance of nonclassical symptoms and manifestations in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), highlighting the need for detailed evaluation to diagnose other important sleep disorders and clinical manifestations in these patients.