An effective strategy to improve combustion and pressure output performance of HMX/Al

To improve and adjust the combustion and energy output of HMX/Al, graphite fluoride (CF) as oxidizer was introduced in HMX/Al and gradient structured HMX/Al/CF was prepared by additive manufacturing technology. For HMX/Al added with CF, a significantly exothermic peak is observed ranging from 860 to 950 degrees C due to the reaction of Al and fluorine derived from CF decomposition, and the heat release in-creases by 106.63% compared to that of HMX/Al. The fourth exothermic heat increases from 161.48 to 955.25 J/g with the increased Al content from 10 to 30 wt%. Moreover, the combustion rate and pressure output of HMX/Al have been improved by introducing CF. For HMX/Al added with CF, the combustion time decreases from 10.3 to 2.5 s, which is dependent on the Al content from 10 to 30 wt%. And the highest peak pressure is 1712.2 kPa when Al content is 20 wt% in HMX/Al/CF composites. Furthermore, gradient structured HMX/Al/CF consisting of three layers with Al content of 10, 20 and 30 wt% was pre-pared to improve combustion and pressure output. The combustion rate and peak pressure of gradient structured HMX/Al/CF are higher than those of single structured HMX/Al/CF. The highest peak pressure ( similar to 2.24 MPa) is obtained when the Al content of the middle layer and outer layer is 30 wt% and 20 wt% in the gradient structured HMX/Al/CF cylinder, respectively. Finally, the reaction intermediates and com-bustion reaction products were fully characterized to understand the enhanced effect of CF in HMX/Al. This work provides a promoting way to improve and regulate the combustion reaction performance and pressure output of HMX/Al.(c) 2022 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

This study improves the combustion and energy output of HMX/Al materials by introducing graphite fluoride (CF) as an oxidizer using additive manufacturing technology. The addition of CF significantly increases the exothermic peak temperature and heat release compared to HMX/Al. CF also enhances the combustion rate and pressure output of HMX/Al. The gradient structured HMX/Al/CF further improves the combustion and pressure output performance.