4.7 Article

Targeted biomarkers of progression in chronic kidney disease

Journal

CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA
Volume 536, Issue -, Pages 18-28

Publisher

ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.08.025

Keywords

Chronic kidney disease; CKD Pathophysiology; Biomarkers; Inflammation; Fibrosis; Repair

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This article reviews new and emerging biomarkers for the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), which can be detected in blood or urine liquid biopsies. These biomarkers play important roles in kidney injury, inflammation, oxidative stress, repair, and fibrosis. However, there are conflicting conclusions regarding the utility of these biomarkers in CKD.
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasingly significant health issue worldwide. Early stages of CKD can be asymptomatic and disease trajectory difficult to predict. Not every-one with CKD progresses to kidney failure, where kidney replacement therapy is the only life-sustaining therapy. Predicting which patients will progress to kidney failure would allow better use of targeted treatments and more effective allocation of health resources. Current diagnostic tests to identify patients with progressive disease perform poorly but there is a suite of new and emerging predictive biomarkers with great clinical promise.Methods: This narrative review describes new and emerging biomarkers of pathophysiologic processes of CKD development and progression, accessible in blood or urine liquid biopsies. Biomarkers were selected based on their reported pathobiological functions in kidney injury, inflammation, oxidative stress, repair and fibrosis. Biomarker function and evidence of involvement in CKD development and progression are reported.Conclusion: Many biomarkers reviewed here have received little attention to date, perhaps because of conflicting conclusions of their utility in CKD. The functional roles of the selected biomarkers in the underlying pathobiology of progression of CKD are a powerful rationale for advancing and validating these molecules as prognosticators and predictors of CKD trajectory.

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