Journal
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
Volume 127, Issue 10, Pages 1808-1815Publisher
SPRINGERNATURE
DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01949-6
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Funding
- Swedish Cancer Society [19 0102]
- Swedish Research Council [2019-01965, 2019-00227]
- Strategic Research Area in Epidemiology and Biostatistics (SFOepi) at Karolinska Institutet
- Region Stockholm
- Swedish Cancer Society (Cancerfonden) [2018/744]
- Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsradet) [2017-01591]
- Karolinska Institute
- Swedish Research Council [2019-01965, 2017-01591] Funding Source: Swedish Research Council
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This study discusses the feasibility of using standardized survival probabilities to report treatment effects while adjusting for confounding, and highlights the importance of this method in interpreting risks.
Background When interested in studying the effect of a treatment (or other exposure) on a time-to-event outcome, the most popular approach is to estimate survival probabilities using the Kaplan-Meier estimator. In the presence of confounding, regression models are fitted, and results are often summarised as hazard ratios. However, despite their broad use, hazard ratios are frequently misinterpreted as relative risks instead of relative rates. Methods We discuss measures for summarising the analysis from a regression model that overcome some of the limitations associated with hazard ratios. Such measures are the standardised survival probabilities for treated and untreated: survival probabilities if everyone in the population received treatment and if everyone did not. The difference between treatment arms can be calculated to provide a measure for the treatment effect. Results Using publicly available data on breast cancer, we demonstrated the usefulness of standardised survival probabilities for comparing the experience between treated and untreated after adjusting for confounding. We also showed that additional important research questions can be addressed by standardising among subgroups of the total population. Discussion Standardised survival probabilities are a useful way to report the treatment effect while adjusting for confounding and have an informative interpretation in terms of risk.
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