Phylogenomic analysis of a metagenome-assembled genome indicates a new taxon of an anoxygenic phototroph bacterium in the family Chromatiaceae and the proposal of Candidatus Thioaporhodococcus gen. nov

In this study, three metagenome-assembled genomes of a sediment sample were constructed. A Bin1 (JB001) genome was identified as a photo-litho-auto/heterotroph (purple sulfur bacteria) bacterium with the ability to fix nitrogen, tolerate salt, and to produce bacteriochlorophyll a. It has a genome length of 4.1 Mb and a G + C content of 64.9%. Phylogenetic studies based on concatenated 92 core genes and photosynthetic genes (pufLM and bchY) showed that Bin JB001 is related to Thiococcus pfennigii, Thioflavicoccus mobilis and to the Lamprocystis purpurea lineage. Bin JB001 and its closely related members were subjected to the genome-based study of phenotypic and phylogenomic analysis. Genomic similarity indices (dDDH and ANI) showed that Bin JB001 could be defined as a novel species. The average amino acid identity (AAI) and percentage of conserved proteins (POCP) values were below 60 and 50%, respectively. The pan-genome analysis indicated that the pan-genome was an open type wherein Bin JB001 had 855 core genes. This study shows that the binned genome, Bin JB001 could represent a novel species of a new genus under the family Chromatiaceae, for which the name Candidatus Thioaporhodococcus sediminis gen. nov. sp. nov. is proposed.

Automated summary

Three metagenome-assembled genomes were constructed from a sediment sample, and one genome (Bin1, JB001) was identified as a bacterium belonging to the purple sulfur bacteria group with photosynthetic abilities and the capability to fix nitrogen and tolerate salt.