4.5 Review

Endocrine Disorders and COVID-19

Related references

Note: Only part of the references are listed.
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Updated clinical management guidance during the COVID-19 pandemic: thyroid nodules and cancer

Evanthia Giannoula et al.

Summary: This article summarizes the adjustments made by nuclear thyroidology during the COVID-19 pandemic to prevent the spread of the virus while maintaining the quality and safety of the services provided.

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Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the rapid development and approval of multiple vaccines, including mRNA vaccines, which are considered ideal candidates. However, concerns about safety and efficacy have been raised, particularly regarding fertility. While current evidence is limited, studies suggest that COVID-19 mRNA vaccines do not have negative effects on fertility, even in pregnant women. Additional research, especially larger population-based studies, are needed to further assess the impact of vaccination on reproduction.

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Prognostic and Therapeutic Role of Vitamin D in COVID-19: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

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Serum cortisol concentration and COVID-19 severity: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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R. Clayton Edenfield et al.

Summary: Early studies have suggested that SARS-CoV-2 might access the reproductive system and affect male fertility. Research on the mechanisms of infection of reproductive cells and the potential for testicular dysfunction in patients who have had COVID-19 is crucial for understanding the impact of the virus on male fertility.

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Maternal-fetal immune responses in pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2

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Summary: This study presents the maternal-fetal immune responses triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy and highlights the rarity of placental infection. A T-cell dominant inflammatory response is observed at the maternal-fetal interface, but the virus remains undetectable in the placenta while triggering specific immune responses in the neonatal circulation.

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COVID-19 targets human adrenal glands

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Hypocalcemia in COVID-19: Prevalence, clinical significance and therapeutic implications

Luigi di Filippo et al.

Summary: COVID-19 patients may experience various endocrine manifestations, such as hypocalcemia, vertebral fractures, and vitamin D deficiency, which could negatively impact disease severity, inflammatory response, thrombotic markers, and mortality. Prompt assessment, monitoring, and calcium replacement are recommended to prevent severe complications.

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Aging versus youth: Endocrine aspects of vulnerability for COVID-19

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An update on COVID-19 and pregnancy

Denise J. Jamieson et al.

Summary: Physiological, mechanical, and immunologic changes in pregnancy may affect susceptibility to and severity of COVID-19. Pregnancy is a risk factor for severe disease, with pregnant individuals more likely to experience adverse outcomes. Intrauterine transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is rare, possibly due to low viral levels and reduced expression of necessary receptors in the placenta. COVID-19 and its impact on healthcare systems have also had negative effects on pregnancy outcomes.

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COVID-19 and Diabetes

Awadhesh Kumar Singh et al.

Summary: The prevalence of diabetes in COVID-19 varies worldwide, with evidence suggesting that individuals with diabetes, especially those with poor glycemic control, have a higher severity and mortality rate. While new-onset hyperglycemia and diabetes have been observed in COVID-19 patients, there is no conclusive evidence of direct tropism of SARS-CoV-2 on pancreatic islet cells. Approved oral antidiabetic agents appear to be safe for individuals with type 2 diabetes who have COVID-19, but there is currently a lack of conclusive data regarding mortality benefits.

ANNUAL REVIEW OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Glycemic Control and Clinical Outcomes in US Patients With COVID-19: Data From the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) Database

Rachel Wong et al.

Summary: In a large multicenter cohort of T2D patients with COVID-19 infection in the US, a higher HbA(1c) level was found to be associated with an increased risk of hospitalization. The risk of death and invasive ventilation also increased but plateaued at different levels of glycemic control. There was no significant difference in length of stay across different HbA(1c) levels.

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Primary Adrenal Insufficiency Due to Bilateral Adrenal Infarction in COVID-19

Iza F. R. Machado et al.

Summary: COVID-19 may cause bilateral adrenal infarction, which is associated with positive antiphospholipid antibodies. Therefore, patients with positive antiphospholipid antibodies should be closely monitored for symptoms or signs of acute adrenal insufficiency during COVID-19.

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A population-based cohort study of obesity, ethnicity and COVID-19 mortality in 12.6 million adults in England

Thomas Yates et al.

Summary: Obesity and ethnicity have been found to be risk factors for COVID-19 outcomes. This study reveals that the association between body mass index (BMI) and COVID-19 mortality is stronger in ethnic minority groups, suggesting that the ethnic risk of COVID-19 mortality depends on BMI.

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Testosterone in males with COVID-19: A 7-month cohort study

Andrea Salonia et al.

Summary: Although total testosterone levels increased over time after COVID-19, more than 50% of men who recovered from the disease still had circulating testosterone levels suggestive for a condition of hypogonadism at 7-month follow-up. In as many as 10% of cases, testosterone levels even further decreased. Of clinical relevance, the higher the burden of comorbid conditions at presentation, the lower the probability of testosterone levels recovery over time.

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Vitamin D supplementation and COVID-19 risk: a population-based, cohort study

J. Oristrell et al.

Summary: In this large population-based study, it was observed that supplementation with cholecalciferol or calcifediol leading to serum 25OHD levels >= 30 ng/ml was associated with better COVID-19 outcomes.

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Sexual dimorphism in COVID-19: potential clinical and public health implications

Nicole Bechmann et al.

Summary: Current evidence shows that COVID-19 severity and mortality are higher in men compared to women, while women may be at a higher risk of reinfection and long-term COVID-19 development. Differences between sexes have also been observed in other infectious diseases and vaccine responses. This could be explained by sex-specific expression patterns of proteins involved in virus binding and entry, as well as divergent reactions of the immune and endocrine systems to acute stress. Understanding the role of sex hormones, comorbidities, and sex chromosome complement in COVID-19 could have implications for disease treatment, public health measures, and follow-up of patients predisposed to long COVID. Considering sex differences in future pandemic surveillance and COVID-19 patient treatment may lead to better disease stratification and improved outcomes.

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Risk Factors for Intensive Care Unit Admission and In-hospital Mortality Among Hospitalized Adults Identified through the US Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID-NET)

Lindsay Kim et al.

Summary: This study identified factors associated with severe outcomes among adults hospitalized with COVID-19, including age, sex, comorbidities like obesity, immunosuppression, and diabetes. Older age, male gender, and certain underlying conditions were independently linked to increased risk of ICU admission and in-hospital mortality.

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Acute adrenal infarction as an incidental CT finding and a potential prognosis factor in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection: a retrospective cohort analysis on 219 patients

Pierre Leyendecker et al.

Summary: Acute adrenal infarction is frequent in severe COVID-19 patients and may be a sign of poor prognosis, with higher ICU admission rates and longer hospital stays but similar mortality rates compared to patients without adrenal infarction.

EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY (2021)

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The effect of low serum calcium level on the severity and mortality of Covid patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Effat Alemzadeh et al.

Summary: This study found a significant association between hypocalcemia and severity of disease, mortality, hospitalization days, and admission to the intensive care unit in COVID-19 patients. Additionally, low serum calcium levels were found to be directly related to increasing D-dimer levels and decreasing lymphocyte counts. Consideration of serum calcium levels in initial assessments is recommended for determining disease severity.

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Association of body mass index (BMI) with critical COVID-19 and in-hospital mortality: A dose-response meta-analysis

Yanbin Du et al.

Summary: This study examined the association between BMI and COVID-19 severity and mortality through a meta-analysis of 16 observational studies involving 109,881 patients. The findings showed a linear dose-response relationship between BMI and critical COVID-19 and mortality, with patients with BMI > 30 kg/m(2) at higher risk. Age and obesity were also found to impact this association.

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Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19

Ben Hu et al.

Summary: This review summarizes the research progress on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, including virology characteristics, pathogenesis, and recent advances in treatment methods. Furthermore, it discusses in detail the potential wildlife hosts and zoonotic origin of this emerging virus.

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Analysis of sex hormones and menstruation in COVID-19 women of child-bearing age

Kezhen Li et al.

Summary: While COVID-19 infection may affect menstrual volume and cycle length in women of child-bearing age, the average levels of sex hormones and ovarian reserve did not show significant changes. The changes observed in menstruation may be temporary and reversible, potentially attributed to transient suppression of ovarian function.

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Clinical Outcomes in Young US Adults Hospitalized With COVID-19

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Association of Body Mass Index and Age With Morbidity and Mortality in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 Results From the American Heart Association COVID-19 Cardiovascular Disease Registry

Nicholas S. Hendren et al.

Summary: This study found that obese patients are more likely to be hospitalized with COVID-19, and are at higher risk of in-hospital death or mechanical ventilation, particularly if young (age <= 50 years). Additionally, obese patients are also at higher risk for venous thromboembolism and dialysis. These observations support clear public health messaging and rigorous adherence to COVID-19 prevention strategies in all obese individuals regardless of age.

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Prevalence and outcome of dysnatremia in patients with COVID-19 compared to controls

Cihan Atila et al.

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ENDOCRINOLOGY IN THE TIME OF COVID-19-2021 UPDATES The management of diabetes insipidus and hyponatraemia

Mirjam Christ-Crain et al.

Summary: COVID-19 pandemic has shifted medical consultations to virtual platforms, impacting patients with DI and hyponatraemia. Recommendations include delaying desmopressin dose for DI patients, monitoring body weight, and cautious administration of IV fluid replacement in severe COVID-19 cases to avoid pulmonary edema risk.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (2021)

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Global pandemics interconnected - obesity, impaired metabolic health and COVID-19

Norbert Stefan et al.

Summary: Obesity and impaired metabolic health are established risk factors for NCDs such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and MAFLD, and have been linked to an increased risk of severe COVID-19. Specifically, visceral obesity and characteristics of impaired metabolic health are associated with a high risk of severe COVID-19.

NATURE REVIEWS ENDOCRINOLOGY (2021)

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Visceral Adiposity Elevates the Risk of Critical Condition in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Maria Foldi et al.

Summary: This study found that patients with critical condition in COVID-19, including those requiring intensive care and invasive mechanical ventilation, had significantly higher visceral fat area (VFA) values. Therefore, abdominal adiposity appears to be a risk factor in COVID-19, and patients with central obesity may require special attention.

OBESITY (2021)

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Co-expression of the SARS-CoV-2 entry molecules ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in human ovaries: Identification of cell types and trends with age

Meng Wu et al.

Summary: This study examined the potential infection of ovarian cells by SARS-CoV-2, focusing on the expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 receptors. The analysis showed that these receptors were mainly expressed in oocytes, with no significant differences between age groups or ovarian reserves. However, pathways related to viral infection were more enriched in ACE2-positive ovarian cells, indicating a potential targeting of specific ovarian cells by SARS-CoV-2. Further research is needed to investigate the long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on ovarian function.

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Targeting transcriptional regulation of SARS-CoV-2 entry factors ACE2 and TMPRSS2

Yuanyuan Qiao et al.

Summary: Research has shown that androgens regulate the expression of ACE2, TMPRSS2, and AR in lung epithelial cells, affecting the risk of COVID-19 infection in males over 70 years old. The use of AR or BET antagonists can inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection, providing support for further investigation into transcriptional inhibition for the treatment or prevention of COVID-19.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2021)

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SARS-CoV-2 Causes a Systemically Multiple Organs Damages and Dissemination in Hamsters

Zhiqi Song et al.

Summary: The study found that Syrian hamsters are highly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2, showing pulmonary and extrapulmonary organ damage 3-7 days post infection. Through qRT-PCR, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry, abundant viral RNA and antigen expression were detected in organs such as the spleen, lymph nodes, different segments of the alimentary tract, kidney, adrenal gland, ovary, vesicular gland, and prostate.

FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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The Adrenal Cortex, an Underestimated Site of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Yanfei Mao et al.

Summary: This study suggests that COVID-19 may lead to relative adrenal insufficiency in critically ill patients by attacking the adrenal cortex, possibly related to the abnormal expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2. It is recommended to measure plasma cortisol levels for guiding hormonal therapy based on the findings in this study.

FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY (2021)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Increased COVID-19 infections in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a population- based study

Anuradhaa Subramanian et al.

Summary: The study revealed that women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are at an increased risk of COVID-19 infection compared to women without PCOS, with the risk remaining elevated even after adjusting for other variables. Therefore, it is crucial for PCOS patients to adhere to infection control measures during the COVID-19 pandemic.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (2021)

Review Emergency Medicine

Mortality among hip fracture patients infected with COVID-19 perioperatively

Johannes Fessler et al.

Summary: The meta-analysis revealed a significant impact of perioperative COVID-19 infections on mortality among hip fracture patients, with the odds ratio for mortality in patients infected with COVID-19 perioperatively being as high as 6.70. The study suggests that perioperative COVID-19 infections lead to a significantly increased risk of mortality in hip fracture patients.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF TRAUMA AND EMERGENCY SURGERY (2021)

Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Obesity in COVID-19 era, implications for mechanisms, comorbidities, and prognosis: a review and meta-analysis

Seyed Morsal Mosallami Aghili et al.

Summary: Obesity is associated with the severity of COVID-19, affecting respiratory and immune systems through various mechanisms and predisposing patients to other comorbidities. Preventing weight gain in obese COVID-19 patients is crucial during the pandemic.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY (2021)

Article Immunology

Sex Differences in the Evolution of Neutralizing Antibodies to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2

Ludivine Grzelak et al.

Summary: In a study of 308 healthcare workers with mild COVID-19, it was found that individuals over 50 years old and with a BMI over 25 kg/m(2) had higher levels of anti-S and anti-N antibodies in the first month. Between months 3-6, 99% of individuals had detectable anti-S antibodies, while 59% had anti-N antibodies. Additionally, anti-S and neutralizing antibodies declined faster in men compared to women, regardless of age and BMI.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

How has COVID-19 affected the treatment of osteoporosis? An IOF-NOF-ESCEO global survey

N. R. Fuggle et al.

Summary: The effects of COVID-19 have impacted the management of chronic diseases, including osteoporosis, with increases in telemedicine consultations, delays in DXA scanning, interruptions in medication supply, and reductions in parenteral medication delivery observed globally.

OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL (2021)

Letter Endocrinology & Metabolism

Risk and course of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients treated for hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism

Thomas H. Brix et al.

LANCET DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY (2021)

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Prevalence of Obesity and Its Impact on Outcome in Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nafiye Helvaci et al.

Summary: This study analyzed the prevalence of obesity in COVID-19 patients and found an association between obesity and increased risk of hospitalization, ICU admission, and need for invasive mechanical ventilation. The study suggests that obesity may contribute to the progression of COVID-19 and increase the risk of serious illness in infected individuals.

FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY (2021)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Role of non-thyroidal illness syndrome in predicting adverse outcomes in COVID-19 patients predominantly of mild-to-moderate severity

David Tak Wai Lui et al.

Summary: This study found that the non-thyroidal illness syndrome was not uncommon even in mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients. NTIS on admission could independently predict clinical deterioration in COVID-19, regardless of SARS-CoV-2 viral load, age, and markers of inflammation and tissue injury.

CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY (2021)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Diabetes and Overweight/Obesity Are Independent, Nonadditive Risk Factors for In-Hospital Severity of COVID-19: An International, Multicenter Retrospective Meta-analysis

Danielle K. Longmore et al.

Summary: In adults hospitalized with COVID-19, overweight, obesity, and diabetes were associated with increased odds of requiring respiratory support but were not associated with death. In patients with diabetes, the odds of severe COVID-19 were not increased above the BMI-associated risk.

DIABETES CARE (2021)

Letter Endocrinology & Metabolism

The J-shaped relationship between body mass index and mortality in patients with COVID-19: A dose-response meta-analysis

Huei-Kai Huang et al.

DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM (2021)

Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Risk phenotypes of diabetes and association with COVID-19 severity and death: a living systematic review and meta-analysis

Sabrina Schlesinger et al.

Summary: This study aimed to identify high-risk phenotypes of diabetes associated with COVID-19 severity and death, showing that individuals with a more severe course of diabetes have a poorer prognosis of COVID-19 compared with individuals with a milder course of disease.

DIABETOLOGIA (2021)

Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

COVID-19-Associated Subacute Thyroiditis: Evidence-Based Data From a Systematic Review

Pierpaolo Trimboli et al.

Summary: The size and quality of published data regarding SAT in COVID-19 patients are limited, with only a few case reports and case series available. The clinical presentation of SAT in COVID-19 patients seems to be similar to what is generally expected.

FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY (2021)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Normal Adrenal and Thyroid Function in Patients Who Survive COVID-19 Infection

Sophie A. Clarke et al.

Summary: The study found that adrenal and thyroid function in COVID-19 survivors remained intact at least 3 months after acute illness, and persistent fatigue symptoms were not attributed to changes in these functions.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2021)

Article Pediatrics

Maternal and Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality Among Pregnant Women With and Without COVID-19 Infection The INTERCOVID Multinational Cohort Study

Jose Villar et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the risks associated with COVID-19 in pregnancy on maternal and neonatal outcomes compared with pregnant individuals without COVID-19, finding that pregnant individuals with COVID-19 were at higher risk for various complications such as preeclampsia, severe infections, and preterm birth. The findings emphasize the importance for pregnant individuals and clinicians to strictly implement recommended COVID-19 preventive measures.

JAMA PEDIATRICS (2021)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis of aggregate data from randomised controlled trials

David A. Jolliffe et al.

Summary: Vitamin D supplementation was found to be safe and reduce the risk of acute respiratory infections, especially when administered in daily doses of 400-1000 IU for up to 12 months and to participants aged 1.00-15.99 years. However, the relevance of these findings to COVID-19 is uncertain and further investigation is needed.

LANCET DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY (2021)

Review Infectious Diseases

Mortality-related risk factors of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 42 studies and 423,117 patients

Zelalem G. Dessie et al.

Summary: Chronic comorbidities, complications, and demographic factors such as acute kidney injury, COPD, diabetes, hypertension, CVD, cancer, increased D-dimer, male gender, older age, current smoker, and obesity are identified as clinical risk factors for fatal outcomes related to coronavirus mortality, according to large dataset from 42 studies involving 423,117 patients. The findings provide valuable insights for future research, control, and prevention of the disease.

BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

Article Cell Biology

A cohort autopsy study defines COVID-19 systemic pathogenesis

Xiao-Hong Yao et al.

Summary: The study profiles 26 COVID-19 autopsy cases from Wuhan and determines the systemic distribution of SARS-CoV-2 in critically ill patients. It reveals that SARS-CoV-2 may invade multiple organs and utilize physiological barriers as entry ports for systemic dissemination, shedding light on novel COVID-19 treatment development.

CELL RESEARCH (2021)

Article Critical Care Medicine

Impact of Obesity in Critical Illness

Michaela R. Anderson et al.

Summary: The prevalence of obesity is increasing globally. Studies show that obesity is associated with improved survival in critical illness, but also increased risk of intubation and death in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Respiratory mechanics changes in obese patients can lead to complications such as expiratory flow limitation and hypoxemia.

CHEST (2021)

Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Pre-admission glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) and mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19): A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression

Timotius Ivan Hariyanto et al.

Summary: The study suggests that pre-admission use of GLP-1RA may offer beneficial effects on Covid-19 mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus, but more randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm this conclusion.

DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE (2021)

Article Immunology

COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination Generates Greater Immunoglobulin G Levels in Women Compared to Men

Alexis R. Demonbreun et al.

Summary: In a community cohort without prior COVID-19 infection, women showed a stronger antibody response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccination compared to men, especially after the first dose. After two doses, women continued to have significantly higher antibody levels than men, although the virus neutralization rate was similar. Sex-specific antibody responses to mRNA vaccination provide insights into vaccine protection and side effects.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19

Mari E. K. Niemi et al.

Summary: The genetic make-up of an individual plays a role in susceptibility and response to viral infections. A global network of researchers identified 13 significant genetic loci associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 cases. Mendelian randomization analyses suggest a causal role for smoking and body-mass index in severe COVID-19. Collaboration among human genetics researchers has allowed for the discovery of novel host genetic factors linked to COVID-19.

NATURE (2021)

Article Obstetrics & Gynecology

Mild COVID-19 infection does not alter the ovarian reserve in women treated with ART

Kamila Kolanska et al.

Summary: The study found that a history of mild COVID-19 infection does not appear to affect the ovarian reserve as evaluated by AMH concentrations. While these results are reassuring, further research is needed to assess the actual impact of COVID-19 on pregnancy outcomes in women undergoing ART.

REPRODUCTIVE BIOMEDICINE ONLINE (2021)

Review Clinical Neurology

Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Pituitary Apoplexy: A Single-Center Case Series and Review of the Literature

Rafael Martinez-Perez et al.

Summary: This study identified 3 cases of pituitary apoplexy with concomitant COVID-19 infection, with symptoms including headache and vision changes. The patients were successfully treated with surgery and medical management, showing improvement in visual symptoms. The study suggests that COVID-19 infection may be a risk factor for the development of pituitary apoplexy, but further research is needed.

WORLD NEUROSURGERY (2021)

Letter Endocrinology & Metabolism

Central diabetes insipidus (Infundibuloneuro hypophysitis): A late complication of COVID-19 infection

R. A. Misgar et al.

JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION (2021)

Review Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and perinatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Barbara Chmielewska et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes, leading to increased rates of stillbirth, maternal death, surgically managed ectopic pregnancies, and postpartum depression. Disparities exist between high-resource and low-resource settings, emphasizing the urgent need for prioritizing safe, accessible, and equitable maternity care in response to this pandemic and future health crises.

LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Association of Circulating Sex Hormones With Inflammation and Disease Severity in Patients With COVID-19

Sandeep Dhindsa et al.

Summary: This study found that lower testosterone concentrations in male COVID-19 patients were associated with increased disease severity and inflammation. Estradiol and IGF-1 concentrations were not associated with COVID-19 severity in men. Changes in hormone signaling pathways in monocytes may not correspond to the severity of the disease in COVID-19 patients.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2021)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Pharmacological inhibition of fatty acid synthesis blocks SARS-CoV-2 replication

Junjun Chu et al.

Summary: Cellular lipid synthesis is crucial for SARS-CoV-2 replication. Inhibitors of fatty acid synthase, such as the approved anti-obesity drug orlistat, show potential for preventing and treating COVID-19 by inhibiting viral replication.

NATURE METABOLISM (2021)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Vertebral fractures and mortality risk in hospitalised patients during the COVID-19 pandemic emergency

Sofia Battisti et al.

Summary: The prevalence of VFs was similar between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients, but VFs significantly increased short-term mortality risk in those without COVID-19.

ENDOCRINE (2021)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Incidence of De Quervain's thyroiditis during the COVID-19 pandemic in an area heavily affected by Sars-CoV-2 infection

Ilenia Pirola et al.

Summary: Through reviewing the data, we found no increase in the incidence of subacute thyroiditis in the Brescia area in Italy during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. Despite one patient being diagnosed with COVID-19 pulmonary infection 7 weeks before being diagnosed with subacute thyroiditis, the remaining patients were not infected with the coronavirus.

ENDOCRINE (2021)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

COVID-19 and endocrine and metabolic diseases. An updated statement from the European Society of Endocrinology

M. Puig-Domingo et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant changes in our daily clinical practice and social relations. The endocrine system plays a crucial role in the disease, with diabetes being a major comorbidity associated with severity and mortality of COVID-19. Obesity, lack of vitamin D, adrenal insufficiency, and other factors also impact the outcome of COVID-19 patients. Adequate management and consideration of endocrine implications in vaccination are essential.

ENDOCRINE (2021)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

A potential impact of SARS-CoV-2 on pituitary glands and pituitary neuroendocrine tumors

Wei Ting Gu et al.

Summary: This study revealed a potential impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on corticotroph cells and adenomas, with low/negative ACE2 expression in PitNET tissues and high AGTR1 expression in normal pituitary and corticotroph adenomas. Serum adrenocorticotropic hormone levels were significantly increased in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy controls, but decreased in critical cases compared to non-critical patients.

ENDOCRINE (2021)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Adrenal Insufficiency at the Time of COVID-19: A Retrospective Study in Patients Referring to a Tertiary Center

Giulia Carosi et al.

Summary: A retrospective case-control study showed that AI patients who are adequately treated and trained displayed similar incidence of COVID-19 symptoms and disease severity as controls, with no patients requiring hospitalization or experiencing adrenal crisis.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2021)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Radiological Thoracic Vertebral Fractures are Highly Prevalent in COVID-19 and Predict Disease Outcomes

Luigi di Filippo et al.

Summary: This study investigated the prevalence and clinical impact of vertebral fractures (VFs) in COVID-19 patients, finding that patients with VFs were more likely to have comorbidities like hypertension and coronary artery disease, require noninvasive mechanical ventilation, and have a higher mortality rate, especially those with severe VFs. The study suggests that morphometric thoracic vertebral evaluation should be performed in all suspected COVID-19 patients undergoing chest x-rays.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2021)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Thyroid Function Before, During, and After COVID-19

Bernard Khoo et al.

Summary: Most patients with COVID-19 present with euthyroidism. Mild reductions in TSH and FT4 were observed in COVID-19 patients, consistent with a nonthyroidal illness syndrome. In survivors of COVID-19, thyroid function tests at follow-up returned to baseline.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Obesity and Mortality Among Patients Diagnosed With COVID-19: Results From an Integrated Health Care Organization

Sara Y. Tartof et al.

ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (2020)

Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Vitamin D and COVID-19

John P. Bilezikian et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (2020)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Inflammatory Cell Infiltration of Adrenals in COVID-19

Vsevolod A. Zinserling et al.

HORMONE AND METABOLIC RESEARCH (2020)

Letter Endocrinology & Metabolism

Association between high serum total cortisol concentrations and mortality from COVID-19

Tricia Tan et al.

LANCET DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY (2020)

Letter Endocrinology & Metabolism

SARS-CoV-2-related atypical thyroiditis

Ilaria Muller et al.

LANCET DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY (2020)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Is Subacute Thyroiditis an Underestimated Manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 Infection? Insights From a Case Series

Alessandro Brancatella et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY

Elizabeth J. Williamson et al.

NATURE (2020)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Sex and gender: modifiers of health, disease, and medicine

Franck Mauvais-Jarvis et al.

LANCET (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Sex differences in immune responses that underlie COVID-19 disease outcomes

Takehiro Takahashi et al.

NATURE (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 vertical transmission during pregnancy

Claudio Fenizia et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Male sex identified by global COVID-19 meta-analysis as a risk factor for death and ITU admission

Hannah Peckham et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

Review Urology & Nephrology

Sex-specific differences in hypertension and associated cardiovascular disease

Katrina M. Mirabito Colafella et al.

NATURE REVIEWS NEPHROLOGY (2018)

Review Immunology

Sex differences in immune responses

Sabra L. Klein et al.

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2016)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Thyroid function in critically ill patients

Eric Fliers et al.

LANCET DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY (2015)

Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Innate Immune Activation and Thyroid Autoimmunity

Akira Kawashima et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2011)

Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

The impact of obesity on the short-term and long-term outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention: The obesity paradox?

L Gruberg et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY (2002)