Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF GENETICS
Volume 56, Issue -, Pages 369-390Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-072820-033609
Keywords
meiosis; chromosome segregation; congenital disorders; human eggs; fertility
Categories
Funding
- European Research Council [724718]
- Novo Nordisk Foundation [NNF15COC0016662]
- Danish National Research Foundation Center [6110-00344B]
- European Research Council (ERC) [724718] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
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This review explores the history and mechanisms of aneuploidy in human meiosis, as well as potential future research and clinical applications.
Meiosis, a key process in the creation of haploid gametes, is a complex cellular division incorporating unique timing and intricate chromosome dynamics. Abnormalities in this elaborate dance can lead to the production of aneuploid gametes, i.e., eggs containing an incorrect number of chromosomes, many of which cannot generate a viable pregnancy. For many decades, research has been attempting to address why this process is notoriously error prone in humans compared to many other organisms. Rapidly developing technologies, access to new clinical material, and a mounting public infertility crisis have kept the field both active and quickly evolving. In this review, we discuss the history of aneuploidy in humans with a focus on its origins in maternal meiosis. We also gather current working mechanistic hypotheses, as well as up-and-coming areas of interest that point to future scientific avenues and their potential clinical applications.
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