Transcendental Properties of Entropy-Constrained Sets

For information-theoretic quantities with an asymptotic operational characterization, the question arises whether an alternative single-shot characterization exists, possibly including an optimization over an ancilla system. If the expressions are algebraic and the ancilla is finite, this leads to semialgebraic level sets. In this work, we provide a criterion for disproving that a set is semialgebraic based on an analytic continuation of the Gauss map. Applied to the von Neumann entropy, this shows that its level sets are nowhere semialgebraic in dimension d >= 3, ruling out algebraic single-shot characterizations with finite ancilla (e.g., via catalytic transformations). We show similar results for related quantities, including the relative entropy, and discuss under which conditions entropy values are transcendental, algebraic, or rational.

Automated summary

In this work, a criterion based on the analytic continuation of the Gauss map is provided to disprove the semialgebraic property of a set. Applied to the case of von Neumann entropy, it is shown that the level sets are nowhere semialgebraic in dimension d >= 3, ruling out the possibility of algebraic single-shot characterizations with finite ancilla. Similar results are also shown for related quantities, including relative entropy, and a discussion is provided on the transcendental, algebraic, or rational nature of entropy values.