Journal
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
Volume 61, Issue 49, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213364
Keywords
Alkaloids; Biosynthesis; Fungal Natural Products; Heterologous Expression; Indole Diterpenes
Categories
Funding
- New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment [RTVU1909]
- New Zealand Marsden Fund [VUW1819]
- New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation & Employment (MBIE) [RTVU1909] Funding Source: New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation & Employment (MBIE)
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Nodulisporic acids (NAs) are potent anti-insect compounds with complex biosynthetic pathways. This study revealed a highly complex biosynthetic network that produces multiple end products through the expression of specific genes. One pivotal enzyme, NodJ, was found to be responsible for the production of multiple metabolites, resulting in the formation of a complex metabolic grid.
Nodulisporic acids (NAs) are structurally complex potent antiinsectan indole diterpenes. We previously reported the biosynthetic gene cluster for these metabolites in Hypoxylon pulicicidum and functionally characterised the first five steps of the biosynthetic pathway. Here we reveal a highly complex biosynthetic array, furnishing multiple end products through expression of cluster components in Penicillium paxilli. We show that seven additional cluster-encoded gene products comprise the biosynthetic machinery that elaborate precursor NAF in this highly branched pathway. The combined action of these enzymes delivers 37 NA congeners including four major end products, NAA, NAA(1), NAA(2) and NAA(4). The plethora of intermediates arises due to modification of the carboxylated prenyl tail by a single promiscuous P450 monooxygenase, NodJ, a pivotal branchpoint enzyme which produces four distinct biosynthetic products giving rise to the complex metabolic grid that characterises NA biosynthesis.
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