4.7 Article

Fluorescent nanodiamond-based spin-enhanced lateral flow immunoassay for detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein and spike protein from different variants

Journal

ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
Volume 1230, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340389

Keywords

COVID-19 pandemic; SARS-CoV-2; SELFIA; Fluorescent nanodiamond

Funding

  1. Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) [MOST 110-2222-E-011-004, 110-2628-E-011-003, 109-2923-E-011-003-MY3, 111-NU-E-011-001-NU]

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This report presents a novel detection platform called SELFIA for rapid testing of different variants of SARS-CoV-2 virus. The platform shows comparable accuracy and sensitivity with traditional testing methods.
SARS-CoV-2 viruses, responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, continues to evolve into new mutations, which poses a significant threat to public health. Current testing methods have some limitations, such as long turn -around times, high costs, and professional laboratory requirements. In this report, the novel Spin-Enhanced Lateral Flow Immunoassay (SELFIA) platform and fluorescent nanodiamond (FND) reporter were utilized for the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and spike antigens from different variants, including wild-type (Wuhan-1), Alpha (B.1.1.7), Delta (B.1.617.2), and Omicron (B.1.1.529). The SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were conjugated with FND via nonspecific binding, enabling the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigens via both direct and competitive SELFIA format. Direct SELFIA was performed by directly adding the SARS-CoV-2 antibodies-con-jugated FND on the antigens-immobilized nitrocellulose (NC) membrane. Conversely, the SARS-CoV-2 antigen-containing sample was first incubated with the antibodies-conjugated FND, and then dropped on the antigen- immobilized NC membrane to carry out the competitive SELFIA. The results suggested that S44F anti-S IgG antibody can be efficiently used for the detection of wild-type, Alpha, Delta, and Omicron variants spike anti-gens. Findings were comparable in direct SELFIA, competitive SELFIA, and ELISA. A detection limit of 1.94, 0.77, 1.14, 1.91, and 1.68 ng/mL can be achieved for SARS-CoV-2 N protein, wild-type, Alpha, Delta, and Omicron S proteins, respectively, via competitive SELFIA assay. These results suggest that a direct SELFIA assay can be used for antibody/antigen pair screening in diagnosis development, while the competitive SELFIA assay can serve as an accurate quantitative diagnostic tool. The simplicity and rapidity of the SELFIA platform were demonstrated, which can be leveraged in the detection of other infectious diseases in the near future.

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