Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY
Volume 323, Issue 3, Pages H403-H420Publisher
AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00204.2022
Keywords
ACE2; cardiovascular; coronaviruses; inflammation; SARS-CoV-2
Funding
- National Institute of Cancer [R01-CA-221813]
- National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [1R01DK120866-01]
- Endowed Chair Advent Health
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This article reviews the impact of COVID-19 on patients with diabetes and its mechanisms. Inflammation and cytokine storm caused by COVID-19 may worsen cardiovascular disease and lead to multiorgan failure. We also discuss treatment approaches and future research directions.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, is a global pandemic impacting 254 million people in 190 countries. Comorbidities, particularly cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and hypertension, increase the risk of infection and poor outcomes. SARS-CoV-2 enters host cells through the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptor, generating inflammation and cytokine storm, often resulting in multiorgan failure. The mechanisms and effects of COVID-19 on patients with high-risk diabetes are not yet completely understood. In this review, we discuss the variety of coronaviruses, structure of SARS-CoV-2, mutations in SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins, receptors associated with viral host entry, and disease progression. Furthermore, we focus on possible mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 in diabetes, leading to inflammation and heart failure. Finally, we discuss existing therapeutic approaches, unanswered questions, and future directions.
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