Magneto-hydrodynamic mixing: A new technique for preparing carbomer hydrogels

Magnetohydrodynamic mixing was evaluated as an alternative to conventional high shear mixing (HSM) in the preparation of carbomer hydrogels containing 1.22 wt% Carbopol (R) 980 NF. Neutralization of the carbomer dispersion (pH = 2.74) with triethanolamine (TEA) enabled to adjust the pH of the mixture and tune the viscosity of the hydrogel. Using HSM, this approach was limited to 0.2 wt% TEA (pH = 3.83) as the gel became too viscous and the recirculation flow dropped from 12 to 0.3 m(3)/h. Magnetohydrodynamic mixing enabled to reach TEA concentrations up to 1.0 wt% (pH = 5.31). Apparent viscosity measurements on samples having 0.2 wt% TEA revealed lower viscosities for carbomer hydrogels prepared with HSM, that is, 6800 mPa s versus 8800 mPa for magneto-hydrodynamic mixing. Based on H-1 NMR evidence, this decrease in apparent viscosity was attributed to structural damage to the carbomer backbone in combination with mechanochemical degradation of the added TEA.

Automated summary

Magnetohydrodynamic mixing was evaluated as an alternative method to conventional high shear mixing for preparing carbomer hydrogels. Results showed that magnetohydrodynamic mixing can adjust the viscosity of the hydrogel and achieve higher concentrations of TEA.