4.8 Article

Evaluating Electrolyte-Anode Interface Stability in Sodium All-Solid-State Batteries

Journal

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 14, Issue 42, Pages 47706-47715

Publisher

AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12759

Keywords

anode-electrolyte interface; solid electrolyte; sodium; chloride; sulfide; borohydride

Funding

  1. National Science Foundation through the Partnerships for Innovation (PFI) [2044465]
  2. National Science Foundation through the Future Manufacturing (FM) [2134764]
  3. National Science Foundation [ECCS-2025752]
  4. National Science Foundation through the UC Irvine Materials Research Science and Engineering Center [DMR-2011967]
  5. National Science Foundation Major Research Instrumentation Program [CHE-1338173]
  6. Directorate For Engineering
  7. Div Of Electrical, Commun & Cyber Sys [2134764] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
  8. Dir for Tech, Innovation, & Partnerships
  9. Translational Impacts [2044465] Funding Source: National Science Foundation

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All-solid-state batteries have gained attention for their potential improvements in safety, energy density, and cycle-life. Sodium all-solid-state batteries eliminate costly materials and are ideal for emerging grid energy storage applications. This study emphasizes the importance of solid electrolyte selection and presents three emerging solid electrolyte materials. The results demonstrate that stable cycling performance can be achieved by selecting appropriate materials for the anode and cathode interfaces.
All-solid-state batteries have recently gained considerable attention due to their potential improvements in safety, energy density, and cycle-life compared to conventional liquid electrolyte batteries. Sodium all-solid-state batteries also offer the potential to eliminate costly materials containing lithium, nickel, and cobalt, making them ideal for emerging grid energy storage applications. However, significant work is required to understand the persisting limitations and long-term cyclability of Na all-solidstate-based batteries. In this work, we demonstrate the importance of careful solid electrolyte selection for use against an alloy anode in Na all-solid-state batteries. Three emerging solid electrolyte material classes were chosen for this study: the chloride Na2.25Y0.25Zr0.75Cl6, sulfide Na3PS4, and borohydride Na-2(B10H10)(0.5)(B12H12)(0.5). Focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) imaging, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were utilized to characterize the evolution of the anode-electrolyte interface upon electrochemical cycling. The obtained results revealed that the interface stability is determined by both the intrinsic electrochemical stability of the solid electrolyte and the passivating properties of the formed interfacial products. With appropriate material selection for stability at the respective anode and cathode interfaces, stable cycling performance can be achieved for Na all-solid-state batteries.

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