Criteria of identity without sortals

Summary: This article discusses the notorious coincidence puzzle of the statue and the piece of clay and proposes a simple but relatively neglected solution. The solution claims that the property of being a statue is a phase sortal property that the piece of clay instantiates temporarily. The author defends this view by reinforcing it with a novel counterpart-theoretic account of identity under a sortal and refutes standard objections. This proposal does not require complex theories such as colocation, four-dimensionalism, eliminativism, deflationism, or unorthodox theses about classical identity.