Rethinking the position of natural gas in a low-carbon energy transition

Calls to phase out fossil fuels and shift to renewable energy-based solutions dominate the global discussion on low-carbon energy transition. However, the nature of this transition may vary across different countries on account of opportunities for innovative solutions that balance socio-economic and environmental sustainability goals. This piece argues that natural gas (NG) still has a vital role in the near to long-term future energy mix. This position implies that the objective of quickly phasing out NG needs reassessing. We further argue that there remains an opportunity for NG to be a key enabler of a just future net-zero emission energy system by mid-century, especially with the political-economic realities of certain countries and new technological innovations around NG utilisation. In this case, we argue that an essential element of justice could mean that nations at various levels of economic development adopt different approaches to the energy transition. Thus, decarbonisation efforts must consider socio-economic realities and the different contexts of technology application. The proposed uniform reduced energy demand and the blocking of public financing to NG projects lack the nuance of a sustainable solution, especially related to Sub-Saharan Africa. Accordingly, our analysis suggests that the one-size-fits-all approach to climate action in the context of natural gas commercialisation needs a rethink and countries should be allowed to define low-carbon pathways considering their local circumstances.

Automated summary

The global discussion on low-carbon energy transition focuses on phasing out fossil fuels and shifting to renewable energy solutions. However, due to different opportunities for innovative solutions and socio-economic realities, the nature of this transition may vary across countries. This article argues that natural gas still has a vital role to play in the future energy mix, especially considering certain countries' political-economic realities and new technological innovations. Therefore, countries should be allowed to define their own low-carbon pathways based on their local circumstances.