Research and development intensity, environmental performance, and firm value: Unraveling the nexus in the energy sector worldwide

The lack of a focused study on the nexus of research and development (R&D) intensity, eco-friendly practices, firm value in the energy sector, and the stakeholders' concerns for ecology motivated us to realize this study. The study sample covers the period from 2002 to 2019, resulting in 4016 firm-year observations affiliated with 43 countries. The data were retrieved from the Thomson Reuters Eikon, and a country-year fixed-effects regression analysis was executed. Our empirical findings are threefold. First, the results show that energy firms' R&D intensity spurs eco-friendly practices in three dimensions, namely, resource consumption reduction, emissions reduction, and eco-innovation. Second, our study revealed that corporate environmental performance could induce greater firm value, implying a positive shareholders' reaction to the environmental engagement. Third, moderation analysis revealed that while R&D intensity's interaction with eco-innovation is value-enhancing, its interaction with resource consumption reduction and emissions reduction is not. The results are largely robust to alternative sampling, endogeneity concerns, and alternative variables measurements. The findings suggest implications for energy firms, R&D activities, and capital markets.

Automated summary

This study examines the relationship between R&D intensity, eco-friendly practices, firm value, and stakeholders' concerns in the energy sector. The results show that R&D intensity stimulates eco-friendly practices and that corporate environmental performance enhances firm value. The interaction between R&D intensity and eco-innovation has a value-enhancing effect.