Journal
FLEXIBLE AND PRINTED ELECTRONICS
Volume 7, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
IOP Publishing Ltd
DOI: 10.1088/2058-8585/ac808b
Keywords
printing; patterning; ionic liquid; ionogel; porous structure; Archie's law
Categories
Funding
- JSPS KAKENHI [19K05134]
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This study presents nanoparticle-based, high-resolution patternable ionogels for printed solid-state ionic devices. By incorporating an ionic liquid into a spherical silica nanoparticle suspension, a quasi-solid ionogel layer compatible with reverse-offset printing with a spatial resolution of approximately 5 μm was achieved. The optimized ink formulations allowed for successful patterning with a saturation up to 102%.
In this study, nanoparticle-based, high-resolution patternable ionogels are presented to provide a route for realizing printed solid-state ionic devices. By incorporating an ionic liquid (IL) into a spherical silica nanoparticle suspension, a quasi-solid ionogel layer compatible with reverse-offset printing (ROP) with a spatial resolution of approximately 5 mu m was realized. In situ near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic analysis revealed the drying kinetics of the ionogel ink during printing, and a temporal margin for successful patterning in relation to its dry state was provided. In contrast to polymer-based gels, the present ionogel can be regarded as a porous medium of silica filled with ionic liquids with a certain degree of saturation. By optimizing the ink formulations, ROP patterning was successful for saturation up to 102%, indicating the nanoscale pores between silica nanoparticles can be fully used as an ion-conductive phase in the proposed patternable gel. The conductivity depends drastically on saturation, with a saturation exponent of approximately -7 according to Archie's law. From a complementary scratch test, an ionogel at a saturated condition still exhibited fragile but solid-like characteristics. As a demonstration, planar micro-supercapacitors fully printed with reverse-offset printable ionogel and carbon inks were fabricated. A comparison with a drop-casted IL showing a similar capacitance indicates a limited ability of the carbon nanoparticle material used here, while a relatively high resistance of the silica-nanoparticle-based ionogel hinders a fast cyclic voltammetry response.
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