Journal
JMIR PUBLIC HEALTH AND SURVEILLANCE
Volume 8, Issue 7, Pages -Publisher
JMIR PUBLICATIONS, INC
DOI: 10.2196/34874
Keywords
global burden; penile cancer; incidence; average annual percentage change; epidemiology
Categories
Funding
- Natural Science Foundation of China Excellent Young Scientists Fund [82022064]
- Natural Science Foundation of China International/Regional Research Collaboration Project [72061137001]
- Natural Science Foundation of China Young Scientist Fund [81703278]
- National Science and Technology Major Project of China [2018ZX10721102]
- Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen [SZSM201811071]
- High Level Project of Medicine in Longhua, Shenzhen [HLPM201907020105]
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2020YFC0840900]
- Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission Basic Research Program [JCYJ20190807155409373]
- Special Support Plan for High-Level Talents of Guangdong Province [2019TQ05Y230]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [58000-31620005]
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Penile cancer is on the rise in many countries, particularly in Europe. Measures to lower the risk of penile cancer, such as improving penile hygiene and promoting male human papillomavirus vaccination, may be necessary to reduce the burden of the disease on society.
Background: Penile cancer is a relatively rare genital malignancy whose incidence and mortality are rising in many countries. Objective: This study aims to assess the recent incidence and mortality patterns and incidence trends of penile cancer. Methods: The age-standardized incidence and mortality rates (ASIR and ASMR, respectively) of penile cancer in 2020 were estimated from the Global Cancer Registries (GLOBOCAN) database. Incidence trends of penile cancer from 1973 to 2012 were assessed in 44 populations from 43 countries using the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents plus (CI5plus) and the Nordic Cancer Registries (NORDCAN) databases. Average annual percentage change was calculated to quantify trends in ASIR using joinpoint regression. Results: Globally, the estimated ASIR and ASMR of penile cancer were 0.80 (per 100,000) and 0.29 (per 100,000) in 2020, equating to 36,068 new cases and 13,211 deaths in 2020, respectively. There was no significant correlation between the ASIR (P=.05) or ASMR (P=.90) and Human Development Index. In addition, 15 countries saw increasing ASIR for penile cancer, 13 of which were from Europe (United Kingdom, Lithuania, Norway, Estonia, Finland, Sweden, Cyprus, Netherlands, Italy, Croatia, Slovakia, Russia, and the Czech), and 2 from Asia (China and Israel). Conclusions: Although the developing countries still bear the higher incidence and mortality of penile cancer, the incidence is on the rise in most European countries. To mitigate the disease burden resulting from penile cancer, measures to lower the risk for penile cancers, including improving penile hygiene and male human papillomavirus vaccination, may be warranted.
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