Journal
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
Volume 219, Issue 24, Pages 3936-3944Publisher
COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD
DOI: 10.1242/jeb.148726
Keywords
Wing scales; Spectrophotometry; Scatterometry; Multilayers; Thin films; Butterfly phylogeny
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Funding
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research/European Office of Aerospace Research and Development (AFOSR/EOARD) [FA9550-15-1-0068]
- Universidad de Antioquia
- EURICA (Erasmus Mundus Action 2 consortium) scholarship
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [24120004] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Morpho butterflies are universally admired for their iridescent blue coloration, which is due to nanostructured wing scales. We performed a comparative study on the coloration of 16 Morpho species, investigating the morphological, spectral and spatial scattering properties of the differently organized wing scales. In numerous previous studies, the bright blue Morpho coloration has been fully attributed to the multi-layered ridges of the cover scales' upper laminae, but we found that the lower laminae of the cover and ground scales play an important additional role, by acting as optical thin film reflectors. We conclude that Morpho coloration is a subtle combination of overlapping pigmented and/or unpigmented scales, multilayer systems, optical thin films and sometimes undulated scale surfaces. Based on the scales' architecture and their organization, five main groups can be distinguished within the genus Morpho, largely agreeing with the accepted phylogeny.
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