Journal
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
Volume 9, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.934258
Keywords
COVID-19; vitamin D 25OH; hospitalized patients; mortality; propensity score (PS)
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Funding
- IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
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This study investigated the association between vitamin D levels and mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The results showed no significant association between vitamin D deficiency and mortality.
IntroductionSeveral studies and meta-analyses suggested the role of vitamin D 25OH in preventing severe forms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the evidence on the clinical benefits of vitamin D 25OH adequacy in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 remain conflicting and speculative. We aimed to investigate the association between vitamin D 25OH serum levels and mortality in hospitalized patients with moderate to severe COVID-19. MethodThis prospective observational multicentre study included 361 consecutive patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 admitted to the Italian hospitals involved in the NUTRI-COVID19 trial from March to August 2020. For each patient, serum vitamin D 25OH levels were assessed 48 h since admission and classified as deficient (<20 ng/mL) or adequate (>= 20 ng/mL). We built a propensity score for low/adequate vitamin D 25OH levels to balance the clinical and demographic properties of the cohort, which resulted in 261 patients with good common support used for the survival analysis. ResultsTwo Hundred-seventy-seven (77%) of the 361 enrolled patients (207 [57%] males, median age 73 +/- 15.6 years) had vitamin D 25OH deficiency. Fifty-two (20%) of the 261 matched patients died during the hospital stay, corresponding to a hazard ratio of 1.18 for vitamin D 25OH deficiency (95% confidence interval: 0.86-1.62; p = 0.29). DiscussionThe prevalence of vitamin D 25OH deficiency was confirmed to be very high in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. The use of a propensity score demonstrate an absence of significant association between vitamin D deficiency and mortality in hospitalized patients.
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