Journal
BIOMEDICINES
Volume 10, Issue 7, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071492
Keywords
proteomics; epigenetics; endoscopy; imaging; laboratory testing
Categories
Funding
- Department of Veterans Affairs [BX002526, BX004476]
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [RO1-DK-116306, RO1-DK-107739]
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Diagnosis and prognosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are challenging due to the lack of a gold-standard test. Endoscopy and imaging, while essential, have limitations in terms of invasiveness and cost. Laboratory testing of blood or feces, although non-invasive and cost-effective, needs improvement in terms of specificity and accuracy. This review discusses non-invasive biomarkers for IBD testing and the trends and challenges in biomarker studies.
Diagnosis and prognosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-a chronic inflammation that affects the gastrointestinal tract of patients-are challenging, as most clinical symptoms are not specific to IBD, and are often seen in other inflammatory diseases, such as intestinal infections, druginduced colitis, and monogenic diseases. To date, there is no gold-standard test for monitoring IBD. Endoscopy and imaging are essential diagnostic tools that provide information about the disease's state, location, and severity. However, the invasive nature and high cost of endoscopy make it unsuitable for frequent monitoring of disease activity in IBD patients, and even when it is possible to replace endoscopy with imaging, high cost remains a concern. Laboratory testing of blood or feces has the advantage of being non-invasive, rapid, cost-effective, and standardizable. Although the specificity and accuracy of laboratory testing alone need to be improved, it is increasingly used to monitor disease activity or to diagnose suspected IBD cases in combination with endoscopy and/or imaging. The literature survey indicates a dearth of summarization of biomarkers for IBD testing. This review introduces currently available non-invasive biomarkers of clinical importance in laboratory testing for IBD, and discusses the trends and challenges in the IBD biomarker studies.
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