Journal
BIOMEDICINES
Volume 10, Issue 7, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071644
Keywords
diabetic nephropathy; AT1R/ET-1/iNOS axis; renal artery; mesangial expansion; kidney fibrosis; metformin
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Funding
- Health Sciences Research Center, King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University [G18-00006]
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This study reveals the association between diabetes and the renal artery receptor AT1R/ET-1/iNOS axis, as well as the protective effect of metformin in diabetic nephropathy. Metformin was found to reduce inflammation, oxidative stress, hypertension, ketonuria, mesangial matrix expansion, and kidney collagen in diabetes-induced rats.
Diabetes is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease, also called kidney failure. The link between the renal artery receptor angiotensin II type I (AT1R) and endothelin-1 (ET-1), involved in vasoconstriction, oxidative stress, inflammation and kidney fibrosis (collagen) in diabetes-induced nephropathy with and without metformin incorporation has not been previously studied. Diabetes (type 2) was induced in rats and another group started metformin (200 mg/kg) treatment 2 weeks prior to the induction of diabetes and continued on metformin until being culled at week 12. Diabetes significantly (p < 0.0001) modulated renal artery tissue levels of AT1R, ET-1, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), endothelial NOS (eNOS), and the advanced glycation end products that were protected by metformin. In addition, diabetes-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, hypertension, ketonuria, mesangial matrix expansion, and kidney collagen were significantly reduced by metformin. A significant correlation between the AT1R/ET-1/iNOS axis, inflammation, fibrosis and glycemia was observed. Thus, diabetes is associated with the augmentation of the renal artery AT1R/ET-1/iNOS axis as well as renal injury and hypertension while being protected by metformin.
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