Analysis of Postvaccination Breakthrough COVID-19 Infections Among Adults With HIV in the United States

Review Oncology

Immunogenicity and risk of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection after Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Andrea Becerril-Gaitan et al.

Summary: Patients with cancer have impaired immune response to COVID-19 vaccination compared with controls, with lower seroconversion rates and higher likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

SARS-CoV-2 vaccine protection and deaths among US veterans during 2021

Barbara A. Cohn et al.

Summary: This study reports the effectiveness of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection and death in veterans, with a decline in vaccine effectiveness observed for all vaccine types. The decline was greatest for the Janssen vaccine. However, vaccination remained protective against death for individuals who became infected during the Delta variant surge. The study also found variations in the vaccine effectiveness against death among different age groups.

SCIENCE (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Association Between Immune Dysfunction and COVID-19 Breakthrough Infection After SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in the US

Jing Sun et al.

Summary: The study revealed that full vaccination was associated with reduced risk of COVID-19 breakthrough infection, regardless of the immune status of patients. Despite full vaccination, persons with immune dysfunction had substantially higher risk for COVID-19 breakthrough infection than those without such a condition. Continued use of nonpharmaceutical interventions (eg, mask wearing) and alternative vaccine strategies (eg, additional doses or immunogenicity testing) are recommended for persons with immune dysfunction after full vaccination.

JAMA INTERNAL MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Immunology

Effectiveness of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Messenger RNA Vaccines for Preventing Coronavirus Disease 2019 Hospitalizations in the United States

Mark W. Tenforde et al.

Summary: From March to May 2021, full vaccination using authorized mRNA products was associated with 87.1% protection against COVID-19 hospitalization among US adults, with lower effectiveness in adults with immunosuppression compared to those without. Vaccination was beneficial for patients with immunosuppression, but the effectiveness was lower in this population.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

COVID-19 Outcomes Among Persons Living With or Without Diagnosed HIV Infection in New York State

James M. Tesoriero et al.

Summary: This cohort study conducted in New York State found that persons living with diagnosed HIV had poorer outcomes related to COVID-19 compared to persons living without diagnosed HIV. Previous HIV diagnosis was associated with higher rates of severe disease requiring hospitalization, and hospitalization risk increased with progression of HIV disease stage.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2021)

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Article Immunology

Associations between HIV infection and clinical spectrum of COVID-19: a population level analysis based on US National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) data

Xueying Yang et al.

Summary: The study using N3C data in the US found that individuals with HIV infection have higher odds of COVID-19 death and hospitalisation, but lower odds of mild or moderate COVID-19. Factors such as older age, male gender, and specific racial/ethnic groups may exacerbate the risk of adverse COVID-19 outcomes among people with HIV.

LANCET HIV (2021)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Asymptomatic and Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections After BNT162b2 Vaccination in a Routinely Screened Workforce

Li Tang et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates an association between the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine and decreased risk of symptomatic and asymptomatic infections with SARS-CoV-2 in hospital employees.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Vaccine Breakthrough Infections with SARS-CoV-2 Variants

Ezgi Hacisuleyman et al.

Summary: Despite evidence of vaccine efficacy, two fully vaccinated individuals developed mild symptoms of Covid-19 and were infected with variants of SARS-CoV-2. Sequencing of the virus isolates revealed novel mutations, highlighting the potential risk of illness post-vaccination and subsequent infection with variant virus. Efforts to prevent, diagnose, and characterize variants in vaccinated individuals are crucial.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Interim Estimates of Vaccine Effectiveness of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 COVID-19 Vaccines in Preventing SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Health Care Personnel, First Responders, and Other Essential and Frontline Workers - Eight US Locations, December 2020-March 2021

Mark G. Thompson et al.

MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT (2021)

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Letter Infectious Diseases

Rate and risk factors for breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection after vaccination

Adeel A. Butt et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTION (2021)

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Letter Immunology

Breakthrough COVID-19 Infections After mRNA Vaccination in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients in Miami, Florida

Shweta Anjan et al.

TRANSPLANTATION (2021)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

COVID-19 Vaccine Breakthrough Infections Reported to CDC - United States, January 1-April 30, 2021

Meseret Birhane et al.

MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Outcomes among patients with breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection after vaccination in a high-risk national population

Adeel A. Butt et al.

Summary: Vaccination does not appear to significantly reduce the risk of severe disease or death in individuals with breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to unvaccinated individuals with infection. Demographic or clinical factors do not seem to play a key role in affecting the outcomes of breakthrough infections.

ECLINICALMEDICINE (2021)

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Article Gerontology

Risk Perception, Preventive Behavior, and Medical Care Avoidance among American Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Peiyi Lu et al.

Summary: The study identified significant predictors of risk perception among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic, including gender, age, health status, city residency, personal acquaintance with COVID-19 cases, and correct knowledge of vaccine/treatment. Higher risk perception was associated with more frequent preventive behavior practice and avoidance of medical care.

JOURNAL OF AGING AND HEALTH (2021)

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Article Virology