Journal
ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS
Volume 52, Issue -, Pages 371-385Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.ensm.2022.08.010
Keywords
Lithium-ion battery; Entropic potential; Intercalation; Galvanostatic intermittent titration technique; Calorimetry; Thermal management
Funding
- Energy Frontier Research Center - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0019381]
- Labex STORE-EX [ANR-10LABX-76-01]
- Center for Synthetic Control Across Length-scales for Advancing Rechargeables (SCALAR)
- Nantes Universite/NExT program (DISCUSS project) [ANR-16-IDEX-0007]
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This study compares the performance of lithium-ion battery electrodes made of Ti2Nb2O9 microparticles or nanoparticles synthesized by different methods. The results show that nanoparticles exhibit larger capacity, smaller polarization, better capacity retention, and faster lithium ion transport. Additionally, nanoparticles have smaller overpotential, lower resistive losses, and higher electrical conductivity.
This study compares the charging mechanisms, thermodynamics, lithium ion transport, and operando isothermal calorimetry in lithium-ion battery electrodes made of Ti2Nb2O9 microparticles or nanoparticles synthesized by solid-state or sol-gel methods, respectively. First, electrochemical testing showed that electrodes made of Ti2Nb2O9 nanoparticles exhibited larger specific capacity, smaller polarization, and better capacity retention at large currents than those made of Ti2Nb2O9 microparticles. Furthermore, potentiometric entropy measurements revealed that electrodes made of either Ti2Nb2O9 microparticles or nanoparticles showed similar thermodynamics behavior governed by lithium intercalation in solid solution, as confirmed by in situ XRD measurements. However, electrodes made of Ti2Nb2O9 nanoparticles featured smaller overpotential and faster lithium ion transport than those made of Ti2Nb2O9 microparticles. In fact, operando isothermal calorimetry revealed smaller instantaneous and time-averaged irreversible heat generation rates at electrodes made of Ti2Nb2O9 nanoparticles, highlighting their smaller resistive losses and larger electrical conductivity. Finally, the measured total heat generation over a charging/discharging cycle matched the measured net electrical energy loss. Overall, Ti2Nb2O9 nanoparticles synthesized by the novel sol-gel method displayed excellent cycling performance and reduced heat generation as a fast-charging lithium-ion battery anode material. These features present major advantages for actual battery systems including larger energy and power densities, simpler thermal management, and enhanced safety.
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