Journal
JOULE
Volume 6, Issue 7, Pages 1501-1565Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2022.06.013
Keywords
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province
- Science, Technology, and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality
- Innovation Capability Support Plan of Shaanxi Province
- Natural Science Foundation of Shenzhen University
- 111 Project
- [51905349]
- [U2013603]
- [12072267]
- [2020A1515011509]
- [2022A1515010126]
- [JCYJ20190806153615091]
- [2020KJXX-021]
- [860-000002110264]
- [BP07 19007]
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This paper provides an overview of the latest technology and applications of human-motion-based self-powered and self-sensing devices. It covers various aspects including energy sources, energy conversion mechanisms, materials, and device architectures. The application of self-powered devices in healthcare, wearable devices, and sensors is also reviewed. Furthermore, the development of human-motion-based self-sensing devices in human activity recognition, health monitoring, and human-machine interactions is discussed.
The emergence of human-motion-based energy harvesters is a reflection of the need to develop future energy supplies for small-scale human-motion-based self-powered and self-sensing devices. Such systems have a widespread application in modern society, which includes health monitoring, medical care, wearable devices, wireless sensor nodes, and outdoor rescue. This paper overviews the state-of-the-art and recent progress in human-motion-based self-powered and self-sensing devices, where we classify the range of available energy sources, the energy conversion mechanisms, relevant materials, and novel device architectures to harvest hu-man-motion energy. The range of human-motion energy sources is classified into three categories based on how they act as excitation sources for energy harvesting. The commonly used energy conver-sion mechanisms are then overviewed in detail, which include elec-tromagnetic, piezoelectric, and electrostatic (dielectric elastomer generator and triboelectric nanogenerator) mechanisms, and the range of potential electroactive materials is discussed. In addition, the harvesting structures, operating mechanisms, and performance of human-motion-based energy harvesters are overviewed, dis-cussed, and characterized based on the range of available human -motion energy sources. Furthermore, the application of self -pow-ered devices in delivering power to implantable medical devices, wearable devices, and other low-powered electronics are compre-hensively reviewed. The state-of-the-art and future advances in hu-man-motion-based self-sensing devices are then reviewed and related to their application in human activity recognition, health monitoring, and human-machine interactions. Finally, key develop-ments are summarized and discussed, and the potential research di-rections and critical challenges are presented to highlight future op-portunities.
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