Medium- and large-sized mammals from Estacao Biologica Fiocruz Mata Atlantica, Rio de Janeiro, south-eastern Brazil

The Pedra Branca Forest is in a highly urbanised region of the central portion of Rio de Janeiro City and comprises the largest urban forest in the world (> 12,000 ha). The local flora and fauna are protected by three conservation units and the Estacao Biologica Fiocruz Mata Atlantica (EFMA), which comprises 462 hectares on the east side of the remnant. The local biodiversity is still little known compared to other Atlantic Forest remnants from the Rio de Janeiro State. Here, we provide results of a survey of mediumand large-sized terrestrial mammals from the EFMA. In addition, we analysed the distribution of this fauna along three habitat types defined as Peridomicile, Transitional Forest and Forest Core. Sampling was performed from 2017 to 2020 and comprised a camera-trap survey, interviews with residents and local workers and occasional records. Results include occurrence records for 16 autochthonous and one allochthonous (Callithrix sp.) wild mammals, which are distributed into 14 families and seven orders, in addition to the presence of free-ranging domestic dogs and cats. Four species are in some category of threat of extinction at national or global levels. Amongst them, Leontopithecus rosalia (first record for the Rio de Janeiro City in more than a century) and Leopardus guttulus are classified as Vulnerable by IUCN. Most wild native species were registered in the three habitat types, but with differences in the frequency of records. Our results indicate that the presence of domestic dogs and cats influenced the species composition in each area, with Nasua nasua, Dasyprocta leporina and Didelphis aurita less frequent in places where domestic dogs and cats are more frequent. This is the first systematic effort to understand the occurrence and distribution of mid- and large-sized mammals in the Pedra Branca Forest.

Automated summary

This article introduces the Pedra Branca Forest in Rio de Janeiro, which is the largest urban forest in the world. The survey of medium and large-sized terrestrial mammals in this forest reveals the presence of 16 native species and one introduced species. Four of these species are under threat of extinction. Additionally, the presence of domestic dogs and cats affects the distribution and composition of species in the forest.