4.7 Article

Variations in the fecal microbiota and their functions of Thoroughbred, Mongolian, and Hybrid horses

Journal

FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
Volume 9, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.920080

Keywords

16S rRNA; breed; microbiota; diversity; fibrolytic bacteria

Funding

  1. field scientific observation and research of animal diseases in Guangdong Province (Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province) [2021B1212050021]
  2. Guangdong provincial special fund for modern agriculture industry technology innovation teams (Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Guangdong Province) [2021KJ119]
  3. screening and application of anti-foodborne Campylobacter phage (The Education Department of Henan Province) [21B230008]
  4. development and application of feed antibiotic substitute based on immune-antioxidant-gut microecological regulation (Department of Science and Technology of Henan Province) [222102320024]

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This study used high-throughput sequencing technology to investigate the gut microbiota of different horse breeds and found variations in microbial composition and function. Thoroughbred horses had a more diverse microbiota, while Hybrid horses showed intermediate diversity. The metabolic pathways also differed significantly between breeds.
The horse gut is colonized by a rich and complex microbial community that has important roles in horse physiology, metabolism, nutrition, and immune functions. Fewer across-breed variations in horse gut microbial diversity have been illustrated. In this article, the gut microbiota of Thoroughbred, Mongolian, and Hybrid horses [first filial generation (F1) of Mongolian (maternal) and Thoroughbred (paternal)] were studied by second-generation high-throughput sequencing technology. Differences in gut microbiota composition and function between breeds were determined using diversity and functional prediction analysis. The alpha diversity analysis showed that Thoroughbred horses had a more abundant and diverse gut microbiota, while the diversity of gut microbiota in Hybrid horses was intermediate between Thoroughbred and Mongolian horses. Subsequent cluster analysis showed that Hybrid horses have a microbiota composition more similar to Mongolian horses. LEfSe analysis revealed that the bacterial biomarkers for Thoroughbred horses at the family level were Prevotellaceae, Rikenellaceae, Fibrobacteraceae, p_251_o5, Lactobacillaceae, and uncultured_bacterium_o_WCHB1_41; the bacterial biomarker for Mongolian horses was Planococcaceae; and the bacterial biomarkers for Hybrid horses were Moraxellaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Ruminococcaceae. The functional prediction results indicated that the metabolic pathways differ significantly between the breeds. Regarding metabolism, the Hybrid horses had the lowest proportion of the carbohydrate metabolic pathways, while the energy metabolic pathway had the highest proportion. The abundance ratios of the remaining eight metabolic pathways in Hybrid horses were between Thoroughbred and Mongolian horses. In conclusion, the results of this study showed an association between horse breeds and gut microbiota.

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