Journal
DIAGNOSTICS
Volume 12, Issue 8, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12081775
Keywords
optical diagnosis imaging; fluorescence optical imaging; indocyanine green fluorescence; image feature; image analysis; rheumatoid diseases
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Funding
- Federal Ministry of Education and Research of the Federal Republic of Germany [13GW0341]
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Fluorescence optical imaging (FOI) is increasingly being used by rheumatologists for the diagnosis of inflammatory diseases, especially rheumatoid arthritis. FOI allows visualization of impaired microcirculation and can also support the diagnostic process of other types of tissue diseases.
Rheumatologists in Europe and the USA increasingly rely on fluorescence optical imaging (FOI, Xiralite) for the diagnosis of inflammatory diseases. Those include rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and osteoarthritis, among others. Indocyanine green (ICG)-based FOI allows visualization of impaired microcirculation caused by inflammation in both hands in one examination. Thousands of patients are now documented and most literature focuses on inflammatory arthritides, which affect synovial joints and their related structures, making it a powerful tool in the diagnostic process of early undifferentiated arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. However, it has become gradually clear that this technique has the potential to go even further than that. FOI allows visualization of other types of tissues. This means that FOI can also support the diagnostic process of vasculopathies, myositis, collagenoses, and other connective tissue diseases. This work summarizes the most prominent imaging features found in FOI examinations of inflammatory diseases, outlines the underlying anatomical structures, and introduces a nomenclature for the features and, thus, supports the idea that this tool is a useful part of the imaging repertoire in rheumatology clinical practice, particularly where other imaging methods are not easily available.
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