In vitro mechanistic and in vivo anti-tumor studies of Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC against breast cancer

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC (Rutaceae) has been traditionally used for the treatment of rheumatism, cancer, liver disorders, inflammation etc. Aim of the study: The present study is aimed at elucidating the effect of Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC on the key markers of apoptosis, metastasis and angiogenesis, in vitro. The study also evaluated the effect of fractions in vivo in DMBA-induced mammary tumor model. Materials and methods: Fractions of Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC leaf extracts was studied for their effect on apoptotic markers in breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. They were also studied for their effect on metastatic and angiogenic markers, MMP-9 and HIF-1 alpha in MCF-7 cells. The fractions were studied in vivo in DMBA-induced mammary tumor model in Sprague Dawley rats. Results: The studies showed that the fractions induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells through the intrinsic/mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. The fractions were also able to inhibit the metastatic and angiogenic markers, MMP-9 and HIF-1 alpha. Anti-tumor studies in DMBA-induced mammary model in Sprague Dawley rats also showed favorable results. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.