Hydrocarbon Accumulation Mechanism of Ordovician in the Halahatang Area, Tarim Basin-Evidence From Organic Geochemistry

As an important oil and gas-bearing area in the Tarim Basin, the Halahatang Area has great potential for resource exploration. However, the research on oil and gas sources and the filling period of the Lower Paleozoic Ordovician is still limited. In this study, the organic geochemical analysis of source rocks, the simulation technology of hydrocarbon generation evolution basin, the distribution characteristics of fluid inclusions, and the measurement of uniform temperature are used and combined with the stable isotope of natural gas and the characteristics of oil-source biomarkers, and the process of oil and gas accumulation is restored. The results show that: 1The Cambrian source rock is the main contributor to Ordovician crude oil in the Halahatang Area, and its crude oil shows the characteristics of lightweight, rich chain hydrocarbons, and poor aromatic hydrocarbons. The composition of C-7 compound shows the advantage of n-heptane, which belongs to type I kerogen. The biomarker compounds show the characteristics of high content of long-chain tricyclic terpane and high Ts/Tm values, and the crude oil is considered to be a highly mature sapropelic kerogen source oil. 2The carbon isotopes of methane and ethane of Ordovician natural gas in the Halahatang Area are light (from -35.6 to -29.5 parts per thousand), showing obvious characteristics of sapropelic gas. 3There are three stages of the oil and gas accumulation process in Ordovician reservoirs in the Halahatang Area. In the middle and late Caledonian periods, the source rock reached the hydrocarbon generation threshold and began to generate oil. The late Hercynian period was the main accumulation period, and the Himalayan period was dominated by dry gas filling. 4The crude oil generated in the Middle-Late Caledonian periods migrated along the faults and conductive layers and finally accumulated in the high parts of the structure in the north. The migration of oil and gas in the late Hercynian period was limited by the bitumen produced by early biodegradation. Since the asphalt plugging condensate gas has almost failed to cause gas invasion from the reservoir, the Ordovician reservoir still maintains the characteristics of crude oil-associated gas, forming an oil and gas reservoir with a gas cap.

Automated summary

Based on the study of the Halahatang Area, this research reveals the sources and filling processes of Lower Paleozoic Ordovician oil and gas resources. The Cambrian source rocks are found to be the main contributors to Ordovician crude oil in this area, and the Ordovician natural gas exhibits typical characteristics of sapropelic gas. The accumulation process of oil and gas in the Ordovician reservoirs can be divided into three stages. The Middle-Late Caledonian period is the generation period of crude oil, the late Hercynian period is the main accumulation period, and the Himalayan period is dominated by dry gas filling.