Secondary Metabolites and Bioactivities of Thymbra spicata var. spicata in Amanos Mountains

The essential oil of the aerial parts of Thymbra spicata var. spicata in Amanos Mountains was hydrodistillated and analyzed with GC-MS. Of the 15 compounds, the followings were the main constituents; carvacrol (57.95 %), gamma-terpinene (18.95 %), p-cymene (9.43 %), and 1-phellandrene (3.26 %). A dose-dependent phytotoxic effect of the oil was found on Triticum aestivum, Zea mays, Lactuca sativa, Lepidium sativum and Portulaca oleracea. Antimicrobial results were also noteworthy on Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6663, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019, Candida albicans ATCC 14053, Enterobacter hormaechei ATCC 700323, and Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603. Overall, T. spicata var. spicata in Amanos Mountains might be suggested as a potential and alternative bio-source for the development of biopesticide.