4.6 Review

Development of Molecular Mechanisms and Their Application on Oncolytic Newcastle Disease Virus in Cancer Therapy

Journal

FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES
Volume 9, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.889403

Keywords

Newcastle disease virus; oncolytic virotherapy; tumor; apoptosis; antitumor immunity

Funding

  1. Public Welfare Technology Project of Zhejiang Province [LGF21H160033]
  2. Zhejiang Medical Technology Plan Project [2021KY047]
  3. National Natural Science Foundation of China [81803069]
  4. Grant for 521 talent project of ZSTU

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This article discusses the biological properties of NDV, the antitumor molecular mechanisms of oncolytic NDV, and its application in tumor therapy. Additionally, new insights are presented on the challenges that NDV will face and suggestions for increasing NDV's therapeutic efficacy in cancer.
Cancer is caused by the destruction or mutation of cellular genetic materials induced by environmental or genetic factors. It is defined by uncontrolled cell proliferation and abnormality of the apoptotic pathways. The majority of human malignancies are characterized by distant metastasis and dissemination. Currently, the most common means of cancer treatment include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, which usually damage healthy cells and cause toxicity in patients. Targeted therapy is an effective tumor treatment method with few side effects. At present, some targeted therapeutic drugs have achieved encouraging results in clinical studies, but finding an effective solution to improve the targeting and delivery efficiency of these drugs remains a challenge. In recent years, oncolytic viruses (OVs) have been used to direct the tumor-targeted therapy or immunotherapy. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a solid oncolytic agent capable of directly killing tumor cells and increasing tumor antigen exposure. Simultaneously, NDV can trigger the proliferation of tumor-specific immune cells and thus improve the therapeutic efficacy of NDV in cancer. Based on NDV's inherent oncolytic activity and the stimulation of antitumor immune responses, the combination of NDV and other tumor therapy approaches can improve the antitumor efficacy while reducing drug toxicity, indicating a broad application potential. We discussed the biological properties of NDV, the antitumor molecular mechanisms of oncolytic NDV, and its application in the field of tumor therapy in this review. Furthermore, we presented new insights into the challenges that NDV will confront and suggestions for increasing NDV's therapeutic efficacy in cancer.

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